Indirect Effects Explain the Role of Parasites in Ecosystems

Buck, Julia C.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.007

Cited by 42 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These processes are now well established in predator-prey interactions (Gaynor et al, 2019), even though the overall impacts on prey population size are still poorly understood (Sheriff et al, 2020). Parasites can also induce non-consumptive effects in their hosts, a topic that has received more recognition in recent years (Sarabian et al, 2018b;Buck, 2019). Hosts can avoid getting infected through changes in behavior (Hart and Hart, 2018), such as limiting interactions with conspecifics that appear infected (Stephenson et al, 2018), directly avoiding parasitic infective stages through the detection of cues (Strauss et al, 2019), or changing feeding habits (Sarabian et al, 2018a) or habitat use (Amoroso et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Landscape of Fear and Disgust: The Evolution of Avoidance Behaviors Amidst a Myriad of Natural Enemies

Doherty

Ruehle

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fear of natural enemies in non-human animals is a concept dating back to the time of Darwin. Now recognized as a non-consumptive effect, the ecological and evolutionary impact of fear has been studied in a number of predator-prey systems within the last few decades. However, comparatively little consideration has been given to the nonconsumptive effects that parasites have on their hosts, which have evolved behaviors to avoid parasites, impacting habitat selection, mate choice, and foraging activity. These avoidance behaviors create a "landscape of disgust," wherein hosts navigate to avoid parasites, akin to the "landscape of fear" in prey. Evolutionarily speaking, however, predators and parasites are but two examples of natural enemies. Pathogens, parasites, predators, and parasitoids, among others, each exert their own fitness cost on the victims they attack. Since animals likely evolve in the presence of multiple natural enemies, they must adopt a range of avoidance behaviors to navigate through the resulting "landscape of peril." Therefore, in line with recent efforts to combine the landscapes of fear and disgust, we offer a theoretical framework to better understand the impacts of natural enemies on the evolution of trait-mediated avoidance behaviors in animals. More precisely, we look at how victims may evolve to allocate energy optimally among distinct avoidance behaviors under the selective pressures imposed by different types of natural enemy. This framework is then put into the more realistic context of a food web, which highlights the impact of trophic interactions and trophic level on the evolution of avoidance behaviors.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Landscape of Fear and Disgust: The Evolution of Avoidance Behaviors Amidst a Myriad of Natural Enemies

Doherty

Ruehle

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a recent and comprehensive review (i.e., Buck & Ripple, 2017) only uncovered one example where a pathogen generated indirect effects by infecting the host (i.e., a pathogen indirectly affected prey abundance by reducing the feeding rate in the predatory crawfish it infected; Haddaway et al., 2012) and found no published examples of indirect effects from a pathogen generated by behavioral avoidance of getting infected (Buck & Ripple, 2017). Indeed, indirect effects stemming from host avoidance of parasites are rare as well (Buck, 2019). Given that the majority of people changing their behavior have not been infected, COVID‐19 has provided a compelling and rare example of indirect effects by a pathogen being caused by behavioral avoidance of infection.…”

Section: A Unique Pathway For Indirect Effects Of Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

How the ecology and evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic changed learning

Lashley

Acevedo

Cotner

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Parasites are proposed to affect animal behavior and ecology through both direct consumptive (i.e. killing the host) and indirect non-consumptive effects (non-lethal “risk effects”) ( Buck, 2019 ; Buck et al, 2018 ). The indirect non-consumptive effects are the physiological and neurobiological costs associated with the expression of disgust and the detection of parasites and avoidance of infection ( Buck et al, 2018 ; Kavaliers et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Pathogen Disgust Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens, odors, and disgust in rodents

Kavaliers

Ossenkopp

Choleris

2020

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights Pathogen disgust is an evolutionarily conserved affective system for the recognition and avoidance of infection threat. Pathogen disgust entails a number of fundamental features (valence, scalability, flexibility, persistence). Pathogen disgust in rodents in rodents is odor mediated. Pathogen disgust involves trade-offs between the acquisition of social information/social interaction and infection. Pathogen disgust involves a number of neuromodulatory systems.

show abstract

Indirect Effects Explain the Role of Parasites in Ecosystems

Cited by 42 publications

References 93 publications

An Integrated Landscape of Fear and Disgust: The Evolution of Avoidance Behaviors Amidst a Myriad of Natural Enemies

An Integrated Landscape of Fear and Disgust: The Evolution of Avoidance Behaviors Amidst a Myriad of Natural Enemies

How the ecology and evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic changed learning

Pathogens, odors, and disgust in rodents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About