Indirect computed tomography lymphography using iodinated nanoparticles: Time and dose response in normal canine lymph nodes

Computed tomographic‐lymphography as a complementary technique for lymph node staging in dogs with malignant tumors of various sites

“…The use of noninvasive sentinel lymph node mapping techniques were strongly advocated in veterinary medicine, and in the last few years some studies combining lymphoscintigraphy and peritumoral injection of methylene blue dye have been published . Furthermore, contrast agent‐related techniques for lymph node identification useful in a clinical oncologic setting have been prior described experimentally and clinically in animals, including indirect lymphography and contrast ultrasound …”

“…4,14 Furthermore, contrast agent-related techniques for lymph node identification useful in a clinical oncologic setting have been prior described experimentally and clinically in animals, including indirect lymphography and contrast ultrasound. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Normal dogs were initially used as a model to test the feasibility of mammary CT-lymphography for breast cancer in humans with good success and this technique has recently been shown to have a diagnostic value in the detection of metastasis in dogs with mammary tumors. 21,22 However, little attention has been paid to this nonradioactive, simple, and fast technique for tumor staging of different anatomical sites in dogs.…”

Preoperative Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Gastric Cancer Using CT Lymphography

“…The low detection rate of CT lymphography using iopamidol may be explained as follows: 1) The water soluble characteristics of iopamidol may affect rapid wash-out of interstitially injected iopamidol after diffusion into the lymphatic stream, thus causing the detection rate to depend on the timing of the CT scans in respect of vital dyes; 2) The use of non-diluted iopamidol, due to the dependence of the amount of contrast drained to the lymph node on the injected iodine dose, causes difficulty in discriminating an SLN adjacent to a primary lesion from the primary lesion itself because of beam-hardening artifacts in the context of the shine-through effect of the isotope method28; and 3) Organ-specific characteristics of the stomach in terms of SLN detection may influence the low detection rate unlike the 100% detection rate of esophageal cancer SLN detection by CT lymphography 21. In addition, the low detection rate might be affected by tumor locations.…”

Indirect lymph node lymphangiography using an iodine-based contrast medium and projection radiography following submucosal injection in a rabbit model

“…Although these methods provide good information, small lesions and the structure of lymph nodes are better visualized with direct or indirect lymphangiography [27,28,30]. Current techniques of sentinel lymph node biopsy use the pre-or intraoperative injection of radionucleotides or blue dye, which is accepted in a variety of tumors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].…”

“…There were no changes in patients with a healthy stomach. Wisner and coworkers [28,29,30] evaluated the lymph node uptake of iodinated nanoparticles after submucosal or subcutaneous administration to visualize lymph nodes of the head or extremities in dogs [28], the craniocervical and…”