Indirect antiglobulin paper test for red blood cell antigen typing by flow-through method

Yeow, Natasha; McLiesh, Heather; Garnier, Gil

doi:10.1039/c5ay00744e

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Good candidates for such manufacturing were injection molding [ 18 ] and embossing, allowing for the production of a huge number of plastic consumables for a reasonable cost [ 31 ]. Other alternatives can be threads [ 28 ], strips [ 32 ], or paper substrates [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. By using a single microfluidic component that was obtained directly by injection molding without any additional assembly [ 38 ], we addressed the cost production issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the substrate materials or the protocols that were used, blood can overflow or leak from the system and get in contact with the operator. This is particularly the case when fluid actuation is mediated by positive pressure [ 31 ], or when the protocol implies several steps, such as sampling, incubation, and pipetting [ 37 ]. We attempted to simplify at maximum the agglutination protocol steps in order to avoid any useless contact of the operator with the blood patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips

2018

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Pre-transfusion bedside compatibility test is mandatory to check that the donor and the recipient present compatible groups before any transfusion is performed. Although blood typing devices are present on the market, they still suffer from various drawbacks, like results that are based on naked-eye observation or difficulties in blood handling and process automation. In this study, we addressed the development of a red blood cells (RBC) agglutination assay for point-of-care blood typing. An injection molded microfluidic chip that is designed to enhance capillary flow contained anti-A or anti-B dried reagents inside its microchannel. The only blood handling step in the assay protocol consisted in the deposit of a blood drop at the tip of the biochip, and imaging was then achieved. The embedded reagents were able to trigger RBC agglutination in situ, allowing for us to monitor in real time the whole process. An image processing algorithm was developed on diluted bloods to compute real-time agglutination indicator and was further validated on undiluted blood. Through this proof of concept, we achieved efficient, automated, real time, and quantitative measurement of agglutination inside a passive biochip for blood typing which could be further generalized to blood biomarker detection and quantification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips

2018

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“…A coverslip was applied after mixing with the pipette tip for 10 s, and the agglutinates were observed by optical microscope (Olympus BX60). For cellulosic film treated with antihuman IgG FFMU antibodies, 15% Abtectcell™ III cells were incubated with Anti-D FFMU (1:20 dilution in MilliQ water) to sensitize cells (Yeow et al, 2015 ). Then, a 3 µL droplet of this cell solution was deposited onto the RCF- or CAF-coated glass slides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionality of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Antibody Physisorbed on Cellulosic Films

Huang

Raghuwanshi

Garnier

2017

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The functionality and aging mechanism of antibodies physisorbed onto cellulosic films was investigated. Blood grouping antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were adsorbed onto smooth cellulose acetate (CAF) and regenerated cellulose (RCF) films. Cellulose films and adsorbed IgG layers were characterized at the air and liquid interface by X-ray and neutron reflectivity (NR), respectively. Cellulose film 208 Å thick (in air) swell to 386 Å once equilibrated in water. IgG adsorbs from solution onto cellulose as a partial layer 62 Å thick. IgG and IgM antibodies were adsorbed onto cellulose and cellulose acetate films, air dried, and aged at room temperature for periods up to 20 days. Antibody functionality and surface hydrophobicity were measured everyday with the size of red blood cell (RBC) agglutinates (using RBC specific to IgG/IgM) and the water droplet contact angle, respectively. The functionality of the aged IgG/IgM decreases faster if physisorbed on cellulose than on cellulose acetate and correlates to surface hydrophobicity. IgG physisorbed on RCF or CAF age better and remain functional longer than physisorbed IgM. We found a correlation between antibody stability and hydrogen bond formation ability of the system, evaluated from antibody carbonyl concentration and cellulosic surface hydroxyl concentration. Antibody physisorbs on cellulose by weak dipole forces and hydrogen bonds. Strong hydrogen bonding contributes to the physisorption of antibody on cellulose into a non-functional configuration in which the molecule relaxes by rotation of hydophobic groups toward the air interface.

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“…The ratio of antibody to antigen and the distribution of anti-IgG on paper are the factors affecting the sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay. It was seen that less antibodies can reduce sensitivity, while an excess leads to a Prozone effect . Yeow et al used an indirect antiglobulin test principle on paper substrate using IgG antibodies for blood groups without IgM antibodies where anti-D and anti-Kell antibodies were tested …”

Section: Different Paper Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics-Based Blood Typing Devices: An In-Depth Overview

Jayachandran,

Parween,

Asthana

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Identification of correct blood types holds paramount importance in understanding the pathophysiological parameters of patients, therapeutic interventions, and blood transfusion. Considering the wide applications of blood typing, the requirement of centralized laboratory facilities is not well suited on many occasions. In this context, there has been a significant development of such blood typing devices on different microfluidic platforms. The advantages of these microfluidic devices offer easy, rapid test protocols, which could potentially be adapted in resource-limited settings and thereby can truly lead to the decentralization of testing facilities. The advantages of pump-free liquid transport (i.e., low power consumption) and biodegradability of paper substrates (e.g., reduction in medical wastes) make it a more preferred platform in comparison to other microfluidic devices. However, these devices are often coupled with some inherent challenges, which limit their potential to be used on a mass commercial scale. In this context, our Review offers a succinct summary of the recent development, especially to understand the importance of underlying facets for long-term sustainability. Our Review also delineates the role of integration with digital technologies to minimize errors in interpreting the readouts.

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Indirect antiglobulin paper test for red blood cell antigen typing by flow-through method

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips

Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips

Functionality of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Antibody Physisorbed on Cellulosic Films

Microfluidics-Based Blood Typing Devices: An In-Depth Overview

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