Indigo production goes green: a review on opportunities and challenges of fermentative production

Chandel, Neha; Singh, Bharat Bhushan; Dureja, Chetna; Yang, Yung-Hun; Bhatia, Shashi Kant

doi:10.1007/s11274-023-03871-2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Extra substrate supplements positively affect pigment production during high-density fermentation but have little to no effect under conventional laboratory conditions. , We observed that adding 1 mM l -tryptophan did not harm bacterial growth, as shown in Figure c. However, it increased the sensitivity to Hg(II) response to 28.1 nM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Biosynthesis of Indigo Dyes and Their Application in Green Chemical and Visual Biosensing for Heavy Metals

Guo,

Hu,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Fermentative production of natural colorants using microbial strains has emerged as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis. Visual pigments are used as signal outputs in colorimetric bacterial biosensors, a promising method for monitoring environmental pollutants. In this study, we engineered four self-sufficient indigo-forming enzymes, including HbpAv, bFMO, cFMO, and rFPMO, in a model bacterium E. coli. TrxA-bFMO was chosen for its strong ability to produce indigo under T7 lac and mer promoters' regulation. The choice of bacterial hosts, the supplementation of substrate L-tryptophan, and ventilation were crucial factors affecting indigo production. The indigo reporter validated the biosensors for Hg(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Cd(II). The biosensors reported Hg(II) as low as 14.1 nM, Pb(II) as low as 1.5 nM, and As(III) as low as 4.5 nM but increased to 25 μM for Cd(II). The detection ranges for Hg(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Cd(II) were quantified from 14.1 to 225 nM, 1.5 to 24.4 nM, 4.5 to 73.2 nM, and 25 to 200 μM, respectively. The sensitivity, responsive concentration range, and selectivity are comparable to βgalactosidase and luciferase reporter enzymes. This study suggests that engineered enzymes for indigo production have great potential for green chemical synthesis. Additionally, heterologous biosynthesis of indigo production can lead to the development of novel, low-cost, and mini-equipment bacterial biosensors with zero background noise for visual monitoring of pollutant heavy metals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The optimization of fermentation conditions, including microbial hosts, adequate substrates, and air exchange state, is crucial for indigo production . The different genetic backgrounds of bacterial hosts contribute to producing different amounts of pigments. , Although the growth of TOP10 was the weakest among four E.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%