Indigenous Smallholder Struggles in Peru: Nutrition Security, Agrobiodiversity, and Food Sovereignty amid Transforming Global Systems and Climate Change

Zimmerer, Karl S.; Haan, Stef de; Jones, Andrew D.; Creed‐Kanashiro, Hilary; Tello, Milka; Amaya, Franklin Plasencia; Carrasco, Miluska; Meza, Krysty; Tubbeh, Ramzi; Nguyen, Kien Tri; Hultquist, Carolynne

doi:10.1353/lag.2020.0072

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The concept of transformation frequently encompasses a prescriptive dimension that aims to bridge ecological sustainability with the justice concerns of communities and social movements (Warner et al, 2020;Zimmerer et al, 2020b), thus promises to align still further with new UA research challenges. Indeed, interest in UA among stakeholders, researchers, and others can be and is often fueled by its potential to generate social-ecological processes that strengthen community and social empowerment.…”

Section: Conclusion: Broadening the Ua Focus On Sustainability And Resilience And Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand Challenges in Urban Agriculture: Ecological and Social Approaches to Transformative Sustainability

Zimmerer

Bell

Chirisa

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Section: Conclusion: Broadening the Ua Focus On Sustainability And Resilience And Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand Challenges in Urban Agriculture: Ecological and Social Approaches to Transformative Sustainability

Zimmerer

Bell

Chirisa

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…For example, some definitions of community resilience emphasize the ability to adjust to a disturbance, minimize harm, utilize new opportunities, and cope with the consequences of a transformation [25,30]. Yet, other definitions are more socially focused, acknowledging specific human actions taken to improve resilience [12,31,32]. This latter approach to addressing adaptive capacity has been further differentiated as social adaptive capacity.…”

Section: Resilience and Adaptive Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emic Views of Community Resilience and Coastal Tourism Development

et al. 2021

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Coastal communities are among the most rapidly changing, institutionally complex, and culturally diverse in the world, and they are among the most vulnerable to anthropogenic change. While being a driver of anthropogenic change, tourism can also provide socio-economic alternatives to declining natural resource-based livelihoods for coastal residents. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of small-scale cruise tourism on coastal community resiliency in Petersburg, Alaska. Exploring these impacts through resiliency theory’s lens of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, we employed ethnographic research methods that emphasize emic viewpoints to determine how residents see this form of tourism affecting the resiliency of valued community culture, institutions, and traditional livelihoods. Findings indicate that with purposeful engagement in niche cruise tourism involving boats with 250 passengers or less, and an active rejection of the large cruise ship industry, Petersburg exhibits increased adaptive capacity to promote the resilience of valued community institutions and heritage. This work draws needed recognition to the diversity of activities that fall under the label of cruise tourism, including the distinct implications of smaller-scale, niche cruise tourism for the resilience of coastal communities. It also highlights the need to capture emic perspectives to understand the politics of community resiliency.

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“…However, the resulting ciphers from both botanical and ethnographic studies are equally impressive and both sources of information deserve deeper integral studies. The high number of varieties of potatoes in the Andean region reveals the existence of a great regional biocultural diversity, not only in terms of varieties adapted to particular environments and cultural contexts, but also in relation to different types of production systems, technological elements, economic relations, and social organization (Brush, 1992;Brush et al, 1992;Lastra et al, 2019;Zimmerer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Cultural Processes Influencing Gene Flow Among Wild (atoq papa), Weedy (araq papa and k’ipa papa), and Crop Potatoes in the Andean Region of Southern Peru

Parra

Casas

Begazo³

et al. 2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The Andean region is one of the areas with the earliest signs of food production systems and highest agrobiodiversity of the world, which resulted from millennia of domestication in a context of high ecosystem heterogeneity and human cultures valuing diversity for risk management. FAO has reported nearly 4000 varieties of cultivated potatoes still grown in the Andes, 3000 of them currently occurring in Peru. Such diversity has enormous sources of variation in wild (atoq papa) and weedy (araq papa and k’ipa papa) potatoes that coexist with crops, but their variation, interactions and mechanisms influencing diversification processes still require studies. In order to have a panorama of the variation and mechanisms influencing it in a regional setting, we studied biocultural factors favoring potatoes diversity in communities of Cusco and Apurimac, Peru. Our study documented the regional variation of wild, weedy, and cultivated potatoes recognized by local Quechua people and conducted semi-structured interviews to document their use, cultural value, and strategies of gene flow management implemented. We also studied their phenology, floral biology, flower visitors, and conducted experimental crosses between the wild S. candolleanum and 30 varieties of cultivated potatoes. We identified the wild potatoes S. acaule, S. brevicaule and S. candolleanum and 53 varieties of araq papa used and managed by local people. The latter provide nearly one third of the annual consumption of tubers by people interviewed and are, therefore, highly valued, maintained and managed in crop fields (chacras). People recognized that crosses between wild, weedy, and cultivated potatoes occur, and identified flower visitors and frugivores consuming their berries. Overlap of blooming periods and flower visitors of wild, weedy, and cultivated potatoes was recorded. Almost all flower visitors are shared among the different potato species and varieties, the bumble bees being particularly relevant in pollination of all taxa studied. We recorded seed production in nearly 35% of the experimental crosses. K’ipa papas are sets of mixtures of plants resulting from remaining tubers of cultivated potatoes, but also those from seeds that may result from hybridization of wild, weedy, and cultivated potatoes. Since local people commonly use k’ipa papa varieties and some of them are kept for planting in chacras, sexual reproduction in k’ipa papas is possibly one main mechanism of variation and source of new varieties of crops. Maintaining wild and weedy potatoes, and the natural and cultural mechanisms of gene flow is crucial for in situ conservation and generation of potato variation.

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Indigenous Smallholder Struggles in Peru: Nutrition Security, Agrobiodiversity, and Food Sovereignty amid Transforming Global Systems and Climate Change

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Grand Challenges in Urban Agriculture: Ecological and Social Approaches to Transformative Sustainability

Grand Challenges in Urban Agriculture: Ecological and Social Approaches to Transformative Sustainability

Emic Views of Community Resilience and Coastal Tourism Development

Natural and Cultural Processes Influencing Gene Flow Among Wild (atoq papa), Weedy (araq papa and k’ipa papa), and Crop Potatoes in the Andean Region of Southern Peru

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