Indigenous Plasmodium ovale Malaria in Bangladesh

Fuehrer, Hans‐Peter; Starzengrüber, Peter; Swoboda, Paul; Khan, Wasif Ali; Matt, Julia; Ley, Benedikt; Thriemer, Kamala; Haque, Rashidul; Yunus, Emran Bin; Hossain, S. M. Khaled; Walochnik, Julia; Noedl, Harald

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0796

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Filter paper samples were analyzed at the laboratories of the Medical University of Vienna for PCR confirmation of the malaria diagnosis and results were reported previously. 15,16 Statistical analysis. Data were entered into a customized MS-Excel (Microsoft Corp., Reston, VA) database and analyzed using the OpenEpi statistical calculator (http://www .openepi.com).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a Major Reservoir of Non-Malarial Febrile Diseases in Malaria-Endemic Regions of Bangladesh

Swoboda¹,

Fuehrer²,

Ley³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In malaria-endemic regions any febrile case is likely to be classified as malaria based on presumptive diagnosis largely caused by a lack of diagnostic resources. A district-wide prevalence study assessing etiologies of fever in 659 patients recruited in rural and semi-urban areas of Bandarban district in southeastern Bangladesh revealed high proportions of seropositivity for selected infectious diseases (leptospirosis, typhoid fever) potentially being misdiagnosed as malaria because of similarities in the clinical presentation. In an area with point prevalences of more than 40% for malaria among fever cases, even higher seroprevalence rates of leptospirosis and typhoid fever provide evidence of a major persistent reservoir of these pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a Major Reservoir of Non-Malarial Febrile Diseases in Malaria-Endemic Regions of Bangladesh

Swoboda¹,

Fuehrer²,

Ley³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Recent reports of newly emerging artemisinin resistance and the emergence of endemic populations of a number of "new," potentially human-pathogenic Plasmodium species, such as Plasmodium knowlesi, as well as a variety of Plasmodium ovale parasites, in Asia indicate that there is an urgent need for new techniques to provide rapid and highly accurate diagnoses to adequately treat and control malaria (3,5,9).…”

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Novel Nested Direct PCR Technique for Malaria Diagnosis Using Filter Paper Samples

et al. 2011

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“…Standard nested and direct nested PCR techniques were used under conditions reported previously (3,4). We used primers rPLU1/rPLU5 for the Plasmodium genus-specific Nest1 reaction and rPLU3/rPLU4 for the Plasmodium-specific Nest2 reaction.…”

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“…The Nest2 primers were tested with Nest1 products under the same conditions used for the identification of other human malaria parasites to the species level (with the exception of P. knowlesi) (3,4,11). A template volume of 2.5 l was used in a 25-l Nest2 reaction mixture (GoTaq PCR core system; Promega, Madison, WI) containing 125 M each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 2 mM MgCl 2 , 1 U of GoTaq DNA polymerase, and 2.5 l of each primer (10 M).…”

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Two Techniques for Simultaneous Identification of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri by Use of the Small-Subunit rRNA Gene

et al. 2012

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The primers traditionally used to detect Plasmodium ovale infections are known for not binding all P. ovale parasites within the small-subunit rRNA gene when used alone. We describe a simple, cost-and time-efficient multiplex nested PCR and a nested PCR using a novel set of primers for the simultaneous detection of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. Genes of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA are highly conserved regions that not only allow the discrimination of different Plasmodium species but can also be used for the phylogenetic characterization of a wide range of different malaria parasites (11). For the diagnosis of human malaria parasites, a nested PCR technique (NP-1993 protocol) that binds the SSU rRNA gene was originally developed in the early 1990s (12). This technique soon became one of the most widely used and standardized PCR techniques for the detection and differentiation of human malaria parasites. The lower limits of detection were reported to be between a single parasite in 10 l blood (0.000002% parasitemia) and six parasites in 1 l blood (9, 11). Several modifications of the NP-1993 protocol followed (2,8,9). It soon became obvious that the NP-1993 protocol had some limitations for the diagnosis of Plasmodium ovale (primers rOVA1/rOVA2). Some patient samples that were positive for P. ovale by microscopy gave negative results with the nested PCR, and finally an updated protocol was described in 2002 (11). The primers for the Nest2 analysis of P. ovale were changed to genus-specific primer rPLU2 combined with rOVA1.Until 2005, more than 14 different protocols had been published specifically for the diagnosis of P. ovale. On the basis of the availability of more specific diagnostic tools, P. ovale was divided into the classic and variant types. In 2005, the NP-2005 protocol using primers rOVA1v and rOVA2v to detect variant P. ovale parasites was presented (1).Subsequent studies showed that the differences between the classic and variant types of P. ovale are not limited to the SSU rRNA gene. The P. ovale reticulocyte binding protein 2 gene (porbp2) and tryptophan-rich antigen gene (potra) are other examples of genetic differences. The perfect linkage between the two dimorphic forms of P. ovale finally led to the introduction of P. ovale curtisi (the former classic type) and P. ovale wallikeri (the former variant type) (13). Recent studies documented the sympatric distribution of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in Africa and Asia and that they are morphologically indistinguishable (5, 7, 13).The combination of NP-1993 primers rOVA1 and rOVA2 for the diagnosis of P. ovale curtisi and the NP-2005 primer rOVA1v and rOVA2v has previously been published but still requires two separate PCRs (5).The principal aim of this study was to simplify the methodology for differentiating P. ovale curtisi and wallikeri (and thereby the methodology of adequate P. ovale molecular diagnosis) by developing a single PCR. We designed (i) new primers binding within the SSU rRNA gene that are highly specific for b...

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Indigenous Plasmodium ovale Malaria in Bangladesh

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Evidence of a Major Reservoir of Non-Malarial Febrile Diseases in Malaria-Endemic Regions of Bangladesh

Evidence of a Major Reservoir of Non-Malarial Febrile Diseases in Malaria-Endemic Regions of Bangladesh

Novel Nested Direct PCR Technique for Malaria Diagnosis Using Filter Paper Samples

Two Techniques for Simultaneous Identification of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri by Use of the Small-Subunit rRNA Gene

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