Indigenous oil crops as a source for production of biodiesel in Kenya

Wagutu, Agatha W.; Chhabra, Shashi; Thoruwa, C. L.; Thoruwa, Thomas; Mahunnah, R.L.A.

doi:10.4314/bcse.v23i3.47660

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It can be, nonetheless, a valuable feedstock for several energy and industrial applications. Croton seeds contain approximately 30-32% oil by weight and have a high protein content of 50% (Aliyu et al 2010, Mbarawa and Kafuku 2010, Kibazohi and Sangwan 2011, Wagutu 2009. This oil can be extracted mechanically (by pressing) or through solvent/chemical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a choice experiment approach to assess production tradeoffs for developing the croton value chain in Kenya

Jacobson

Shr

Dalemans

et al. 2018

Forest Policy and Economics

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Trees that produce oilseeds have the potential to improve rural livelihoods through the production of vegetable oil for energy and other purposes, as well as valuable co-products, such as animal feed and organic fertilizers. In Kenya, Croton megalocarpus (Croton) is a prolific and widely distributed tree with such potential being currently underutilized. In support of scaling up the promising Croton value chain in Kenya, a choice experiment was designed and conducted as part of a survey with 200 rural households in four counties in the Central region of the country. The objective was to assess household preferences in planting and cultivating Croton trees for collection and selling of seeds to a growing market. Attributes for the choice model production system included seedling cost, oilseed yield, tree maturation period, labour for seed collection, and seed selling price. Results show that almost all households have Croton trees on their land and are willing to produce Croton seeds, although clear tradeoffs among the attributes exist. Seed price is the most dominant single attribute cutting across all socio-demographic characteristics. Time and labour constraints were significant for some households: farmers are more averse to longer maturation periods than non-farmers, while those already collecting seeds for the nascent industry are less concerned about the opportunity costs of time and labour than non-collectors. The results provide guidance for the development of a Croton value chain which can have positive impacts on rural livelihoods in East Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a choice experiment approach to assess production tradeoffs for developing the croton value chain in Kenya

Jacobson

Shr

Dalemans

et al. 2018

Forest Policy and Economics

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“…The saponification value (SV) of the biodiesel has an inverse relationship to the average molecular weight of the fatty acids (Knoth, 2002). The SV of the esters is higher than that of oil due to the fact that, the process of transesterification removes the heavier glycerol molecules from the oil, consequently reducing the average molecular weight of the methyl esters (Wagutu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Total Lipid Weighmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Kinetic studies of biodiesel production from the green alga Ulva fasciata Delile

Shaltout¹,

Ghazal²,

El-Din³

et al. 2019

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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In this investigation, optimization experiments were carried on lipid extraction and biodiesel production parameters from Ulva fasciata as a potential feed stock. This study was carried by running one to one optimization model. The results showed that, the highest yield and the best quality of biodiesel was achieved at the optimum condition of <0.16 mm algal particle size, 55 o C extraction temperature, 25:1 v/w solvent to solid ratio, 60 min extraction time and 250 rpm shaking speed, using chloroform: methanol: H 2 O (2: 2: 1) solvent mixture. The recorded lipid yield was 28.84 mg g-1 with total fatty acids ΣTFAs content 1148.94 µg g-1 , saturated fatty acids ΣSFAs=979.43 µg g-1 , monounsaturated ΣMUFAs=136.98 µg g-1 and polyunsaturated ΣPUFAs fatty acids =32.53 µg g-1. The quality of the produced biodiesel at these optimum conditions was determined by its physicochemical properties which showed a very high quality. Cetane number (CN) was 73.21, while kinematic viscosity (υ), density (ρ), higher heating value (HHV) and iodine value (IV) were 4.68 mm 2 s-1 , 0.87 g cm-3 , 39.85 MJ kg-1 and 18.48 gI 2 100g-1 fat, respectively. Other properties such as degree of unsaturation (DU), saponification value (SV) and long chain saturation factor (LCSF) recorded 17.58, 200.66mg KOHg-1 and 23.06, respectively. On the other hand, Linolenic acid (C18:3) % and Polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters containing ≥ 4 double bonds % recorded 0.68% and 0.98%, respectively. The initial extraction rate (h) was 6.169 ml g-1 min-1 ; the extraction capacity (Cs) was 31.036 g ml-1 ; the second order extraction constant (k) was 0.0064 ml g-1 min-1 and the coefficient of determination (R 2

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“…Thermal efficiency, brake horse power and BSFC were the parameters used to determine the performance of the fuels in the study. The value of 908 Kg/m 3 [1] for the density of Cape Chestnut Methyl Ester was used.…”

Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance Characteristics under Cape Chestnut Biofuel

Maina¹,

Gitau²,

Nyangaya³

2013

JPEE

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Cape Chestnut oil was processed to biodiesel through transesterification. Cape Chestnut kennels are reported to have oil content of 60%-63% [1]. Properties of biodiesel were determined and compared with those of diesel and engine tests done at a constant speed of 1500 RPM on the biodiesel blends to evaluate their performance and emissions characteristics. Performance evaluation was in terms of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Horse Power (BHP) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (ETE). The engine was initially run on diesel to establish the reference characteristics before running on biodiesel blends. The biodiesel was blended with diesel volumetrically to 80% (B80), 50% (B50), 20% (B20) and 5% (B5) the percentage being the volume of biodiesel in the blended fuel. Diesel fuel had the lowest BSFC followed by B5 whose BSFC was 7.3% higher than that of diesel. BTE for B100 was lower than that of diesel by 20.3% while that of B5 was 7.6% lower. Concentration of SO 2 in B100 was 92.7% lower than that of diesel fuel while that of B20 was 24.7% lower. NO and NO 2 concentrations for B100 were around 15% higher than that of diesel. Particulate matter of less than 10 µm diameter (PM10) for diesel was found to be 72% of the total collected from all the test fuels as compared to that of biodiesel blends at 28%. The study concluded that Cape Chestnut biodiesel blends containing up to 20% biodiesel can be used in an unmodified diesel engine since their performance and emission characteristics were very similar to that of diesel but with reduced toxic gas emissions therefore friendly to the environment.

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Indigenous oil crops as a source for production of biodiesel in Kenya

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Using a choice experiment approach to assess production tradeoffs for developing the croton value chain in Kenya

Using a choice experiment approach to assess production tradeoffs for developing the croton value chain in Kenya

Optimization and Kinetic studies of biodiesel production from the green alga Ulva fasciata Delile

Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance Characteristics under Cape Chestnut Biofuel

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