Indigenous leafy vegetables of Eastern Africa — A source of extraordinary secondary plant metabolites

Neugart, Susanne; Baldermann, Susanne; Ngwene, Benard; Wesonga, John; Schreiner, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.014

Cited by 98 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…A hexoside loss is observed, yielding ions of m / z 197.8 (−134 Da) and m / z 225.6 (−105 Da), revealing a hexoside moiety in the molecule. Another compound detected in the pineapple Vitória is the coumaroy isocitrate, also previously described in the literature . The fragmentation profile of this ion (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

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Chemical profile of pineapple cv. Vitória in different maturation stages using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Another compound detected in the pineapple Vitória is the coumaroy isocitrate, also previously described in the literature. 17,38,39 The fragmentation profile of this ion (Fig. S5b) indicates the loss of the coumaroyl group with subsequent dehydration of isocitric acid (m/z 173).…”

Section: Phenolic Compounds Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profile of pineapple cv. Vitória in different maturation stages using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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“…2a-f). Previous studies on the species reported higher levels of β-carotene: 41.2 µg/g FW (Schönfeldt and Pretorius 2011), 59.4 µg/g FW (van Jaarsveld et al 2014) and 57.1 and 64.7 μg/g DW (Neugart et al 2017), and analyses were performed on a single genotype. Such differences in absolute levels between studies may be explained by the differences in the growing conditions, developmental stages of leaves and the genotypes analysed.…”

Section: Variation In Carotenoids Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that individual accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra leaves are rich in nutrients including carotenoids, vitamin C and minerals (Neugart et al 2017;Odhav et al 2007;Omondi et al 2017;Schönfeldt and Pretorius 2011;Uusiku et al 2010;van Jaarsveld et al 2014). Variation between accessions of G. gynandra originating from East and Southern Africa showed variations in mineral levels and various health-related compounds including vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolics and glucosinolates, as well as in morphological traits (Jiménez-Aguilar and Grusak 2015; Omondi et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Sogbohossou

Kortekaas²,

Achigan‐Dako

et al. 2019

Planta

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Main conclusion The variability in nutrient content and morphology in Gynandropsis gynandra is associated with the geographic origin of the accessions and provides a basis for breeding for higher levels of vitamin C, carotenoids or tocopherols in higher-yielding cultivars. We examined the variation in carotenoids, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as well as morphological traits in a worldwide germplasm of 76 accessions of the orphan leafy vegetable Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae) using greenhouse experiments and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The levels of carotenoids and tocopherols accumulating in the leaves varied significantly across accessions and were linked with the geographical origin and morphological variation. The main carotenoids included lutein, β-carotene, α-carotene and violaxanthin. A twofold to threefold variation was observed for these compounds. The main tocopherols detected were α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol with a 20-fold variation. A ninefold variation in vitamin C concentration and independent of geographical origin was observed. Overall, the accessions were grouped into three clusters based on variation in nutrient content and morphology. West African accessions were short plants with small leaves and with high tocopherol contents and relatively low carotenoid contents, Asian accessions were short plants with broad leaves and with relatively low carotenoid and high tocopherol contents, while East-Southern African plants were tall with high contents of both carotenoids and chlorophylls and low tocopherol contents. Carotenoids were positively correlated with plant height as well as foliar and floral traits but negatively correlated with tocopherols. The absence of a significant correlation between vitamin C and other traits indicated that breeding for high carotenoids or tocopherols content may be coupled with improved leaf yield and vitamin C content. Our study provides baseline information on the natural variation available for traits of interest for breeding for enhanced crop yield and nutrient content in Gynandropsis gynandra.

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“…identification of the compounds responsible for such properties is still lacking (Das, 2016;Neugart, Baldermann, Ngwene, Wesonga, & Schreiner, 2017;Shukla et al, 2010;Zehring et al, 2015). Similar to many other promising food and pharmaceutical plants, positive nutritional characteristics are often attributed to bioactive compounds such as secondary plant metabolites (Das, 2016).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorogenic acid versus amaranth's caffeoylisocitric acid – Gut microbial degradation of caffeic acid derivatives

Vollmer

Schröter

Esders

et al. 2017

Food Research International

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The almost forgotten crop amaranth has gained renewed interest in recent years due to its immense nutritive potential. Health beneficial effects of certain plants are often attributed to secondary plant metabolites such as phenolic compounds. As these compounds undergo significant metabolism after consumption and are in most cases not absorbed very well, it is important to gain knowledge about absorption, biotransformation, and further metabolism in the human body. Whilst being hardly found in other edible plants, caffeoylisocitric acid represents the most abundant low molecular weight phenolic compound in many leafy amaranth species. Given that this may be a potentially bioactive compound, gastrointestinal microbial degradation of this substance was investigated in the present study by performing in vitro fermentation tests using three different fecal samples as inocula. The (phenolic) metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were carried out to study the influence on the microbiome and its composition. The in vitro fermentations led to different metabolite profiles depending on the specific donor. For example, the metabolite 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid was observed in one fermentation as the main metabolite, whereas 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid was identified in the other fermentations as important. A significant change in selected microorganisms of the gut microbiota however was not detected. In conclusion, caffeoylisocitric acid from amaranth, which is a source of several esterified phenolic acids in addition to chlorogenic acid, can be metabolized by the human gut microbiota, but the metabolites produced vary between individuals.

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Indigenous leafy vegetables of Eastern Africa — A source of extraordinary secondary plant metabolites

Cited by 98 publications

References 74 publications

Chemical profile of pineapple cv. Vitória in different maturation stages using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chemical profile of pineapple cv. Vitória in different maturation stages using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Chlorogenic acid versus amaranth's caffeoylisocitric acid – Gut microbial degradation of caffeic acid derivatives

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