“…During the planting season, farmers plant early with first rain especially for crops such as maize and cassava [23] and also plant some crops later than before [39] to adapt to a shorter rainfall period. Crop diversification, intercropping, or multiple cropping such as banana and vegetables in between rows of pineapples [5,14,22,23,35,36,38,[40][41][42][43] shifting cultivation in response to increasing temperatures at lower altitudes, for example, [10,14,24,36,44], and crop rotation [29,38,42,43] are also widely employed to help spread risk across space and time. Other activities engaged during the planting season are delayed fertilizer use [10], replanting with early maturing varieties and increasing plant density when replanting [10], concentrating on planting on more wetland fields and low-lying areas than upland areas [32,45], and regular weeding of cropped farmland [23].…”