Indigenous bacteria as an alternative for promoting recycled paper and cardboard mill wastewater treatment

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate indigenous bacteria possibility in recycled paper and cardboard mill (RPCM) wastewater treatment through the isolation and identification of full-scale RPCM indigenous bacteria. The molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Klebsiella pneumoniae AT-1 (MZ599583), Citrobacter freundii AT-4 (OK178569), and Bacillus subtilis AT-5 (MZ323975) were dominant strains used for RPCM wastewater bioremediation experiments. Under optimal conditions, the maximum values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color biodegradation by C. freundii AT-4 were 79.54% and 43.81% after 10 days of incubation, respectively. In the case of B. subtilis strain AT-5 and K. pneumoniae AT-1, the maximum values of COD and color biodegradation were 70.08%, 45.96%, 71.26%, and 32.06%, respectively. The results from optimal conditions regarding efficiency were higher in comparison with the efficiency obtained from the oxidation ditch treatment unit in full-scale RPCM-WWTP. Therefore, the present study introduces the isolated indigenous bacteria strains as a promising candidate for improving the RPCM-WWTP efficiency using bioremediation.

Performance appraisal of microbial inoculants treating polluted surface water through bench‐scale investigation

“…It is worth mentioning that maximum COD and BOD reduction is obtained by inoculants (MI‐1 and MI‐2) containing Bacillus subtilis along with other microbial species. Several studies have reported that microbial consortia including B. subtilis can significantly degrade organic loads 64‐67 . The BOD and COD removal efficiency demonstrated by the inoculants, although encouraging, were not very significant when compared to CT.…”

“…Several studies have reported that microbial consortia including B. subtilis can significantly degrade organic loads. [64][65][66][67] The BOD and COD removal efficiency demonstrated by the inoculants, although encouraging, were not very significant when compared to CT. This might be a consequence of the fact that raw wastewater in the control bioreactor also contains some ingenious bacteria (e.g.…”

Isolation, Characterization of B. subtilis from Song River Shore and their Application to Wastewater Treatment

“…27,28 B. subtilis, also known as grass or hay bacillus is a rod shaped, heat-resistant bacteria found in soil and gastrointestinal tract of humans or ruminants. 29,30 It is one of the most efficient bacteria in treatment of wastewater. 31,32 B. subtilis is an aerobic decomposer which is known to degrade heavy metals and reduce toxicity of water.…”