Indicios de participación ḏimmí o muladí en los asedios carolingios a Tortosa (804/806-809)

Arce, Josep Suñé

doi:10.3989/aem.2016.46.2.12

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Tothom admet, però, que al principi cal situar aproximadament sobre els eixos dels rius Llobregat i Cardener aquesta primera frontera, al bell mig de Catalunya, així com les carenes pirinenques resguarden els comtats naixents a terres de ponent. De fet, les dificultats que troben els carolingis per superar o conservar aquests límits són ben paleses de bon començament, com succeí amb el fracàs de les diverses expedicions menades per Lluís el Piadós contra Tortosa i el seu entorn, on resistí tota la població (Suñé, 2016). Resulta més significativa, però, la perdurable defecció de l'imperi que protagonitzen els districtes d'Osona, Berga i Manresa d'ençà de l'any 826, on no deixa de sorprendre que el principal instigador de la rebel•lió s'anomeni Aissó, com el fill de Sulaymān.…”

Section: La Construcció D'una Frontera Inestable (Segles Ix-x)unclassified

Les torres de planta circular de la frontera extrema d'al-Andalus a Catalunya (segles VIII-X)

Castelló

Viladrich²

2018

TArqueo

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Genèricament, aquesta aportació revisa la problemàtica de les fortificacions altmedievals a Catalunya i, en particular, la de les torres exemptes de planta circular, un model d'edifici que compta amb múltiples variants. Aquí el seu origen planteja controvèrsies, atès que alguns casos s'atribueixen a època romana i, la resta, principalment al període comtal, tot i que també són construccions comunes a bona part d'al-Andalus, on la seva atribució al període islàmic no sol discutir-se. Ara revisarem els exemplars més arcaics de les comarques de Girona, Barcelona i Tarragona, tot contrastant les dades arqueològiques i monumentals amb les fonts textuals, per tal de verificar la hipòtesi sobre l'origen andalusí d'aquests primers edificis. Això suposa l'estudi d'un marc territorial molt ampli, que abasta més de 300 km lineals sobre les comarques litorals i prelitorals, on se succeïren fins a tres fronteres distintes que separaren els dominis musulmans dels cristians, des dels Pirineus fins a l'entorn de Tortosa. Aquí sumem mig centenar de torres que integren diversos dispositius de vigilància territorial, tot evidenciant estratègies de defensa que només cobren sentit en època islàmica, contra un enemic procedent del nord. Així mateix, les successives fronteres corresponen a distintes variants de torres que mostren la pròpia evolució del model durant els segles viii a x, un tipus de construcció que d'aleshores ençà fou assimilat per la poliorcètica comtal. Paraules clau: torre circular; torre de guaita; castell; emirat omeia; al-Andalus; Catalunya Abstract. The Insulated Round Towers of the Andalusian-Catalonian Borders (VIIIth-Xth centuries). This paper reviews the subject of early medieval fortifications in Catalonia. In particular, we focus on insulated round towers, a kind of building with very many variants. Here, academic disputes abound as to their origins, some of them being ascribed to the Roman period, whereas others being thought to belong to the Catalan Counts. Such towers are common in wide portions of al-Andalus territory, where their Islamic origin is usually not disputed. We shall review the most ancient samples found in the territories of Girona, Barcelona and Tarragona, by cross-checking archaeological and monumental data with textual sources, in order to test and proof the hypothesis of an Andalusian origin for those very first buildings. This study embraces 1. Aportació realitzada en el marc del projecte de recerca: Génesis de la nobleza medieval: fortificaciones y poderes territoriales en el nordeste peninsular durante los siglos VIII-XI (HAR2015-63661-P; MINECO-FEDER).

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Section: La Construcció D'una Frontera Inestable (Segles Ix-x)unclassified

Les torres de planta circular de la frontera extrema d'al-Andalus a Catalunya (segles VIII-X)

Castelló

Viladrich²

2018

TArqueo

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Round Towers of the Andalusi-Catalan Borders (8th–10th centuries)

Martí

Viladrich

2021

JIA

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This article reviews the subject of early medieval fortifications in Catalonia. In particular, we focus on the free-standing round towers, a type of construction that presents many variants. Academic disputes abound as to their origins; some of them are ascribed to the Roman period, whereas others are thought to belong to the time of the Catalan Counts (from the middle of the 10th century until the middle of the 12th century). These towers are common in wide areas of al-Andalus, where their Islamic origin is usually not disputed. Here, we explore the oldest samples found in the territories of Catalonia, by cross-checking archaeological and monumental data with textual sources, in order to test the hypothesis of an Andalusi origin of these very early constructions. This study covers a large geographical area, more than 300 km straight along the Catalan coastline and neighbouring territories. On this stretch of land there were as many as three different frontiers in the period under study between the lands under Christian or Islamic rule. We discuss up to 50 towers, each one built with the purpose of surveillance and control of the territory. This mission reflects a strategy of defence, which makes sense in the Islamic era if the enemy is coming from the north. Furthermore, the successive borders are linked to different styles of towers, which show the transformation from the 8th to the 10th centuries. We identify some of their builders among the Arab governors of the period. Initially relatively low buildings, these towers took on a notably monumental character in the days of Sulayman al-A'rabi. During the 9th century, the Carolingian intrusions sparked a rapid change, with the construction of much higher towers with battlements on the roofs, such as the ones that are predominant in the area around the city of Tortosa at the beginning of the 10th century.

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Ribāṭ in the Furthermost Coasts of Early Al-Andalus

Negre

2024

Religions

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In recent decades, the concept of ribāṭ and its practice have been the subject of intense debate. Recent summary papers on the eastern Mediterranean, Ifrīqiya, al-Maghrib al-Aqṣà, and al-Andalus, among others, have made it possible to compare different realities that express strong links with their local historical contexts. In this paper, we present the results of a new study that analyses the specific case of Northern Sharq al-Andalus, where the practice and institutionalisation of ribāṭ took shape from the early 9th century. There are three elements that lead us to corroborate this hypothesis: the documented presence of numerous individuals and groups voluntarily involved in the active and passive defence of the furthermost frontier of al-Andalus; the confirmation of a construction programme with homogeneous characteristics aimed at building fortified enclosures along the coast, and, lastly, the founding, in the early 9th century, of the Ribāṭ Kashkī centre at the mouth of the Ebro, a building were these practices would become centralised. In conclusion, we propose a much more complex scenario than that proposed previously, which enables us to characterise local forms of armed spirituality and sacralisation of the land that globally enriches the historical reading of ribāṭ.

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Indicios de participación ḏimmí o muladí en los asedios carolingios a Tortosa (804/806-809)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Les torres de planta circular de la frontera extrema d'al-Andalus a Catalunya (segles VIII-X)

Les torres de planta circular de la frontera extrema d'al-Andalus a Catalunya (segles VIII-X)

Round Towers of the Andalusi-Catalan Borders (8th–10th centuries)

Ribāṭ in the Furthermost Coasts of Early Al-Andalus

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