Indices of skeletal muscle damage and connective tissue breakdown following eccentric muscle contractions

Brown, Stephen; Child, Robert B.; Day, Stephen H.; Donnelly, Alan

doi:10.1007/s004210050174

Cited by 107 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Studies 2,3,6,8,[10][11][12]14,18,23,24 emphasizing eccentric exercise have resulted in muscular pain along with decrements in performance. In our study, pressure-pain thresholds were decreased at all time points postexercise, indicating an increase in muscle tenderness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other DOMS-induced impairments that may reduce athletic performance include decreased joint proprioception, 6 overestimation of force production, 6 decreased joint range of motion, 7 decreased strength and power measures, 8 alterations in agonist and antagonist strength ratios, 9 changes in recruitment patterns, 3 and increased risk of injury. 10 With any combination of these, joint mechanics and muscle function are compromised; thus, individuals adapt compensatory movement patterns, 6 possibly leading to reduced athletic performance.…”

Section: Journal Of Athletic Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures

Pearcey

Bradbury-Squires

Kawamoto

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

251

204

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Context: After an intense bout of exercise, foam rolling is thought to alleviate muscle fatigue and soreness (ie, delayedonset muscle soreness [DOMS]) and improve muscular performance. Potentially, foam rolling may be an effective therapeutic modality to reduce DOMS while enhancing the recovery of muscular performance.Objective: To examine the effects of foam rolling as a recovery tool after an intense exercise protocol through assessment of pressure-pain threshold, sprint time, change-ofdirection speed, power, and dynamic strength-endurance.Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 8 healthy, physically active males (age ¼ 22.1 6 2.5 years, height ¼ 177.0 6 7.5 cm, mass ¼ 88.4 6 11.4 kg) participated.Intervention ( Conclusions: Foam rolling effectively reduced DOMS and associated decrements in most dynamic performance measures.Key Words: pain, athletic performance, magnitude-based inference, massage Key PointsThe delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) protocol effectively induced DOMS and substantially decreased performance measures. After the DOMS protocol, foam rolling enhanced recovery and reduced physical performance decrements. A 20-minute bout of foam rolling on a high-density roller immediately postexercise and every 24 hours thereafter may reduce muscle tenderness and decrements in multijointed dynamic movements due to DOMS. Self-massage through foam rolling could benefit athletes seeking a recovery modality that is relatively affordable, easy to perform, and time efficient and that enhances muscle recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Journal Of Athletic Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures

Pearcey

Bradbury-Squires

Kawamoto

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

251

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that eccentric exercise induces delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Jamurtas et al 2000), ultrastructural damage to muscle fibres (Friden 1984), elevation of muscle proteins in the circulation (Nosaka and Clarkson 1995), and decrement in range of motion (ROM) and force . Muscles that are primarily utilized to evaluate the effects of eccentric exercise on these markers of muscle damage are the knee extensors (Brown et al 1997;Hortobagyi et al 1998) and the elbow flexors (Newham et al 1988;Nosaka et al 1991;Paddon-Jones and Abernethy 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage

et al. 2005

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Many exercise models have demonstrated associations between eccentric muscle actions and muscle damage. However, the magnitude of muscle damage varies among the models. It appears that responses to eccentric exercise are different between leg and arm muscles but this has not been systematically clarified. This study compared leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity for indices of muscle damage. Eleven healthy untrained males [Age: 21.2 (1.0) years, Height: 179.4 (3.0) cm, Weight: 78.4 (3.1) kg] performed a sub-maximal eccentric exercise of the knee extensors (LEGS) and the elbow flexors (ARMS), separately. Both LEGS and ARMS consisted of six sets of 12 repetitions with an intensity corresponding to 75% of the predetermined maximal eccentric peak torque (EPT) of each muscle. Range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, myoglobin (Mb) concentration, and muscle strength [EPT and isometric peak torque (IPT)] were assessed before and 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following exercise. Significant (P < 0.05) changes in DOMS and ROM were observed up to 96 h after both exercise bouts, and the magnitude of the change was similar between LEGS and ARMS. Increases in CK and Mb were significantly (P < 0.05) larger after ARMS than LEGS at 72 and 96 h post-exercise. EPT and IPT were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the baseline up to 96 h post-exercise for ARMS but were fully recovered by 96 h post-exercise for LEGS. Decreases in muscle strength were significantly (p < 0.05) larger following ARMS than LEGS at 48, 72, and 96 h post-exercise for EPT, and from 24 h to 96 h post-exercise for IPT. These results suggest that the magnitude of muscle damage is greater and the recovery of muscle function was slower after eccentric exercise of arm elbow flexors than the knee extensors.

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“…However, without measuring lactate, we can only assume that this phenomenon may be caused by a decrease of aerobic metabolism and subsequent increases of anaerobic metabolic activities at a late stage of a process of eccentric exercise modes that exceed the current physical conditioning of the tendon. Because eccentric muscle contractions were found to increase collagen breakdown in the patellar tendons, 4 increases in anaerobic metabolism (when tendons are becoming compliant through exercise) may be related to maintaining a low metabolic rate without the risk of ischemia and necrosis 9 and favoring collagen synthesis. 30 However, this anaerobic metabolism may also lead to slow recovery (or healing) following activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Yin

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that are capable of transmitting mechanical loading and utilize elastic energy during locomotion. 29 Tendon adaptations to mechanical loads include changes in mechanical properties and metaboliccirculatory function. 11,13 Tendon mechanical properties determine stress and strain distribution within the tendon. 37,38,40 Tendon microcirculation reflects intratendinous metabolic demands and includes the distribution of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the arteriolar, capillary, and venular segments. 22,31Local blood flow is controlled by autoregulation (myogenic responses and metabolism) and shearing stress stimulation of the endothelium and neurohormones, 31 and is partially influenced by vessel radius and length (Poiseuille's equation). 5Viscoelastic behaviors of the vessels and tendons suggest that adaptation of tendon microcirculation during exercises may vary due to differences in tendons' plastic mechanical properties. 18,19,36 However, this theory has not been validated.Exercises involving movements that an individual is not used to and that reduce tendon stiffness, 26 as well as exercises that cause ischemia reperfusion, 1,21 are proposed as likely etiological factors in acute tendinopathies occurring when someone suddenly increases his or her level of physical activities ("weekend warrior" syndrome) or has eccentric exercise T T STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. T T OBJECTIVES:To measure and compare patellar tendon stiffness and microcirculation in college tennis players and nonathletic students when performing eccentric knee extension exercises that do and do not reduce tendon stiffness. T T BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that tendon microcirculation response during exercises may vary based on the tendon's plastic properties. T T METHODS:The study included 3 groups of college-age male students: tennis players who performed 4 sets of either 40 (n = 12) or 80 (n = 13) repetitions of eccentric knee extension exercise and nonathletic students (n = 14) who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions. Tendon stiffness was measured before and after exercise completion. Changes in total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation (OSat) were analyzed while performing the 4 sets. Comparisons were made within and between the groups. The level of association between tendon microcirculation and stiffness reduction was assessed. T T RESULTS:The 2 groups (player/4 × 80 and student/4 × 40) exhibiting patellar tendon stiffness reductions (P<.008) showed higher total hemoglobin and OSat levels, above the pre-exercise levels, in the fourth set compared to the first set of exercises (P<.004). The tennis players who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions exhibited higher OSat levels in the fourth set than in the first set (P = .004) but had no reduction in tendon stiffness. Changes in OSat levels in the fourth set were correlated with patellar tendon stiffness reductions (r = -0.381, P = .02). T T CONCLUSION:We conclude that there was increased patellar tendon microcirculation after performing...

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Indices of skeletal muscle damage and connective tissue breakdown following eccentric muscle contractions

Cited by 107 publications

References 34 publications

Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures

Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures

Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

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