Indices of copper status in humans consuming a typical American diet containing either fructose or starch

Abstract

Twenty-four male subjects originally participated in a study to determine the effects of feeding diets comparatively low in copper (1.03 mg/day/2850 kcal) and containing either 20% fructose or starch on indices of copper status. During the course of feeding the diets for 11 wk, four of the subjects exhibited heart-related abnormalities and were removed from the study. Fructose ingestion had no effect on serum ceruloplasmin activity or serum copper concentration but did significantly reduce cuprozinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of erythrocytes as compared to starch. Repletion of the subjects with 3 mg copper/day for 3 wk significantly increased SOD levels in subjects previously fed fructose but not starch. Apparent copper balance was significantly greater when the subjects consumed the fructose as compared to the starch diet. These results suggest that the type of dietary carbohydrate fed can differentially affect indices of copper status in humans.

No effect of copper supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females despite apparently improved copper status

“…For example, we have recently shown in another double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial that Cu supplementation with 3 or 6 mg elemental Cuaday for 6 weeks had no effect on erythrocyte SOD or serum Cp protein concentration in healthy adults (12 males and 12 females, aged 22 ± 46 y; Baker et al, 1999b). On the other hand, in depletion ± repletion type studies of women, in which SOD activity declined during Cu deprivation, recoveries of SOD activity were documented when either 3 mg (Reiser et al, 1985) or 4.3 ± 6.4 mg Cuaday were fed for more than 30 days (Kelvay et al, 1984;Miline et al, 1990), but not when less than 2.6 mg Cuaday was fed for periods of up to 42 day (Milne et al, 1988;Milne & Nielsen, 1996). This is consistent with the ®ndings of the present study, which showed that SOD activity increased after supplementation with 3 and 6 mg Cuaday for 28 days.…”

Fructose and metabolic diseases: New findings, new questions

“…Fructose has indeed been reported to decrease copper absorption in rats [14]. A diet containing up to 20% energy as fructose had however no adverse effect on copper balance in humans [15]. Fructose also increases iron absorption in rats [15] but does not appear to alter zinc bioavailability [16].…”

“…A diet containing up to 20% energy as fructose had however no adverse effect on copper balance in humans [15]. Fructose also increases iron absorption in rats [15] but does not appear to alter zinc bioavailability [16]. The effects of fructose on calcium metabolism have also been documented.…”

Hohenheim Consensus Workshop: Copper

“…(3) After dietary Cu depletion (0.79 mg Cu=day for 24 h) and subsequent Cu repletion (7.53 mg Cu=day for 42 and 24 days), no changes in plasma Cu and ceruloplasmin concentrations or in erythrocyte's SOD activity were observed (Turnlund et al, 1990). (4) After reduced Cu intake for 77 days (1.03 mg=day 2850 kcal with 20% fructose), the plasma concentrations of Cu and ceruloplasmin were unchanged, while erythrocyte's SOD activity decreased and increased again after repletion (3 mg Cu=day for 21 days, Reiser et al, 1985). The serum-Cu concentration is homeostatically regulated.…”