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Management of nitrogen fertilization and light interception of pastures contributes to forage production in regions with low water availability. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen doses and light interception levels on the growth of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different irrigation managements. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a factorial scheme (5 x 2 x 2), corresponding to five irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of actual evapotranspiration), two canopy light interception levels (90 and 95%), and two nitrogen doses (300 and 600 kg N ha-1 year-1). The highest biomass production occurs under irrigation with 120% of evapotranspiration. However, the best structural characteristics (tillering and number of leaves) occur with 100% of evapotranspiration, regardless of nitrogen dose and light interception level. Interruption of growth with 95% of incident light and fertilization with 600 kg N ha-1 year-1 promoted greater tillering, number of leaves and leaf length, regardless of the irrigation level. Tanzania grass management with an interruption of growth with 95% of incident light, 600 kg N ha-1 year-1, and irrigation with 80% of actual evapotranspiration led to tillering and number of leaves only 11% lower than the values found in the other treatments irrigated with 100% of actual evapotranspiration. Interruption of growth with 95% of incident light and fertilization with 600 kg N ha-1 year-1 improve the performance of Tanzania grass under deficit irrigation.
Management of nitrogen fertilization and light interception of pastures contributes to forage production in regions with low water availability. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen doses and light interception levels on the growth of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different irrigation managements. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a factorial scheme (5 x 2 x 2), corresponding to five irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of actual evapotranspiration), two canopy light interception levels (90 and 95%), and two nitrogen doses (300 and 600 kg N ha-1 year-1). The highest biomass production occurs under irrigation with 120% of evapotranspiration. However, the best structural characteristics (tillering and number of leaves) occur with 100% of evapotranspiration, regardless of nitrogen dose and light interception level. Interruption of growth with 95% of incident light and fertilization with 600 kg N ha-1 year-1 promoted greater tillering, number of leaves and leaf length, regardless of the irrigation level. Tanzania grass management with an interruption of growth with 95% of incident light, 600 kg N ha-1 year-1, and irrigation with 80% of actual evapotranspiration led to tillering and number of leaves only 11% lower than the values found in the other treatments irrigated with 100% of actual evapotranspiration. Interruption of growth with 95% of incident light and fertilization with 600 kg N ha-1 year-1 improve the performance of Tanzania grass under deficit irrigation.
Adubar com nitrogênio no momento adequado é muito importante para evitar perdas, visto que este nutriente proporciona aumento na massa de forragem e na taxa de crescimento de capins. Diante disso, objetivou-se identificar qual o melhor momento após a desfolha para se realizar a adubação nitrogenada no capim BRS Ipyporã (híbrido de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria ruziziensis). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro momentos de adubação nitrogenada: 0, 3, 6 e 9 dias após a desfolha. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por vasos de 5,0 dm³ de capacidade e o solo utilizado foi o Latossolo argiloso. Foram realizadas duas avaliações, que consistiram na mensuração do número de folhas, perfilhos e na colheita de forragem quando o capim atingiu a altura de manejo de 30 cm. Nas raízes foi mensurado os teores de nitrogênio, carboidratos solúveis e amido. O momento de adubação nitrogenada do capim BRS Ipyporã influenciou apenas na massa de material morto, de forma que, ao aumentar o intervalo de adubação, houve diminuição desta variável. Assim, é provável que a adubação realizada próxima à desfolha acelera o desenvolvimento da planta, o que antecipa a senescência. Nas raízes, estatisticamente não foi observado alterações nos teores de carboidratos solúveis e amido. Como o teor de amido não foi alterado, pode-se inferir que o capim não sofreu estresse em virtude dos momentos de adubação ou foi capaz de se recuperar do estresse ocorrido logo após a desfolha. Dessa forma, o capim BRS Ipyporã pode ser adubado com nitrogênio até 9 dias após a desfolha. Esta flexibilidade quanto ao momento de adubação está associada ao teor de nitrogênio nas raízes, que foram suficientes para manter o capim BRS Ipyporã em até nove dias após a desfolha sem adubação nitrogenada. Palavras-chave: adubação de manutenção; híbrido de Brachiaria; momento de adubação. How many days after harvesting must there be nitrogen fertilization of BRS Ipyporã grass? ABSTRACT: Fertilizing with nitrogen at the right time is very important to avoid losses, as these nutrient increases forage mass and grass growth rates. The objective was to identify the best time after defoliation to fertilize nitrogen in BRS Ipyporã grass (a hybrid of Bachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Rondonópolis in a completely randomized design, with four moments of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after defoliation. Experimental units consisted of pots with a capacity of 5.0 dm³ and the soil used was clayey Oxisol. Two evaluations were carried out, which consisted of measuring the number of leaves, tillers and forage harvesting when the forage reached the handling height of 30 cm. In the roots, nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates and starch levels were measured. The fertilization time of BRS Ipyporã grass influenced only the mass of dead material, so by increasing the fertilization interval, there was a decrease in this variable. Thus, it is likely that fertilization carried out close to defoliation accelerates plant development, which anticipates senescence. In roots, statistically, no changes were observed in the contents of soluble carbohydrates and starch. As starch content was not altered, it can be inferred that grass did not suffer stress due to the fertilization times or could recover from the stress that occurred soon after defoliation. Thus, BRS Ipyporã grass can be fertilized with nitrogen up to 9 days after defoliation. This flexibility regarding the timing of fertilization is associated with the nitrogen content in the roots, which was sufficient to maintain the BRS Ipyporã grass for up to nine days after defoliation without nitrogen fertilization. Keywords: maintenance fertilization; Brachiaria hybrid; fertilization time.
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