Indicators of the Public Participation Exercise for Designing Public Parks in Malaysia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

In an attempt to enhance democratic governance, sustainable development goals (SDG), and Local Agenda 21 (LA21), the notion of public participation exercise (PPE) presents a range of possibilities. The PPE is observed as a method of solving the constraints faced by public parks in Malaysia, which in general suffer from two main challenges, namely (i) the underutilisation issue of public parks and (ii) the weakness of the present top-down development policy. Consequently, the objective of this study is to develop indicators for PPE in designing public parks in Malaysia. The method implemented in this study is an assessment of the construct, variable, and indicator adapted from Lazarsfeld’s scheme by conducting a document review of the Public Consultation Index (PCI), six sustainability assessment tools, namely LEED-ND, BREEAM, IDP, SITES V2, Green Mark-NRB, and GTI, and literature references. The variables and indicators were tabulated into the respective operational definition of the construct table and variables and measurement table. The findings include the identification of two main constructs, including public participation and public parks. Multiple variables were derived from each construct, including attributes of PPE in designing public parks in Malaysia, development stage, method of approach, type of public, and public parks design criteria. Subsequently, this study developed the fundamental basis for the PPE framework in designing public parks in Malaysia, which benefits the local development approach for public parks towards an integrated design framework.

Evaluation of Sustainability Using LEED Rating Scales: The Bismayah New City in Baghdad, Iraq

“…Adding another dimension, Sonet et al (2021) provide an in-depth analysis of public participation in the design of public parks in Malaysia. Their work underscores the significance of public involvement in achieving sustainable urban development and reviews various methodologies and indicators used in the public participation process.…”

“…Highlights strengths and weaknesses in China's approach. Sonet et al, 2021 Analyzes public participation in the design of public parks in Malaysia. Examines the integration of public involvement in park planning, emphasizing its importance for sustainable urban development and reviewing methodologies and indicators used.…”

Sustainable Real Estate and Resilient Cities: Management, Assessment and Innovations

“…Starting from the sustainable development goals (SDG) and Local Agenda 21 introduced in Malaysia in 1999, the paper "Indicators of the Public Participation Exercise for Designing Public Parks in Malaysia: A Systematic Review" by Ungku Norani Sonet, Mustafa Klufallah, Michael D. Peters, and Timothy J. Dixon, develops a set of variables and indicators to propose a public participation framework in designing public parks in the Asian country. In this sense, the study aims at tackling two critical issues detected in Malaysia concerned the underutilization of public parks and the weakness of the present top-down development policy, by promoting an innovate integrated design framework [17].…”

Penglibatan Komuniti Bandar dalam Program Local Agenda 21 di Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam

“…Malaysia adalah merupakan sebuah negara yang mengamalkan pemerintahan berparlimen demokratik. Oleh itu, penglibatan komuniti yang turut mengambil bahagian dalam penggubalan dasar awam adalah selaras dengan amalan demokrasi di negara ini (Sonet et al, 2021). Penglibatan komuniti sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam pelbagai peringkat perancangan dan pelaksanaan dasar Kerajaan juga merupakan transformasi corak membuat keputusan iaitu beralih daripada secara "atas ke bawah" yang menjadi amalan sebelum ini kepada "bawah ke atas" dan ia akan memberikan peranan kepada orang awam untuk turut serta dalam penggubalan dan pelaksanaan dasar sivil kerajaan untuk kepentingan bersama (Pløger, 2021).…”