Indicators of the metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents

Abstract

IntroductionTo assess the prevalence of metabolic risk indicators for the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of obese Egyptian adolescents and to compare anthropometric and biochemical parameters in subjects with one or two parameters of the MS with those who meet MS criteria.Material and methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 obese adolescents, with a mean age of 15.45 ±2.54 years. Variables examined included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), insulin and insulin resistance (IR) measured by Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive powers of anthropometric parameters associated with increased risk for the MS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of the MS was 20%. Individuals meeting 3 or more MS criteria had significantly higher levels of BP, TG, glucose, insulin and HOMA-R and low HDL levels compared with those who had 1 or 2 MS criteria. Area under the curve (AUC) for identifying the MS risk factors was the highest for WHR, followed by WC and BMI in both genders (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe most prevalent metabolic risk factors that compose the MS were arterial hypertension, low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia; BMI tended to be the weakest index for identifying MS risk factors, while WHR was the best predictive index in both genders.

Blood pressure, dyslipidemia and inflammatory factors are related to body mass index in scholar adolescents

“…This has been attributed to high obesity prevalence, especially when it is predominantly abdominal and associated with the other features of the metabolic syndrome (MS); this phenomenon is well characterized in adults [9, 10] and adolescents [11, 12]. …”

Impact of variants in CETP and apo AI genes on serum HDL cholesterol levels in men and women from the Polish population

“…Although obesity and hypertriglyceridemia significantly influence HDL cholesterol concentrations [50], our data show that in obese and hypertriglyceridemic subjects a significant effect of B1B1 homozygosity on having low HDL cholesterol is observed, as revealed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis. As obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and may reduce or even reverse the observed decline in myocardial infarction incidence and coronary heart disease mortality, the observed interaction between B1B1 homozygosity and obesity may significantly increase CVD risk and may have a significant impact on public health because of the high frequency of this genotype [53].…”

“…Obesity is commonly accompanied by raised serum triglycerides indicating raised levels of triglyceride rich-lipoproteins which can increase CVD risk [47, 48]. In addition, an increased level of triglyceride-rich particles may be associated with an increased level of apo CIII, which can move to HDL and make HDL particles dysfunctional [29, 49, 50]. Decreased CETP activity associated with the B2 genetic variant reduces removal of cholesterol and remodeling of HDL particles, which can result in accumulation of larger dysfunctional particles.…”

Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en estudiantes universitarios de Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia, 2014

“…La obesidad abdominal, expresada como un aumento significativo del perímetro abdominal parece ser el principal marcador de la probabilidad de que un adolescente o adulto joven presente SM, teniendo en cuenta que es el criterio que con mayor frecuencia ocurre entre quienes cumplen los criterios diagnósticos del SM (25). Por esta razón, se considera fundamental que en los servicios de salud se retome la práctica de mediciones antropométricas como parte de la rutina en la atención directa de los pacientes adolescentes.…”