Indicators of Social Competence and Social Participation Among US Children With Tourette Syndrome

Abstract

<jats:p> Children with Tourette syndrome often have behavioral and social difficulties, which may be associated with co-occurring mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. This study investigated social competence, including behavioral problems and social skills, and social activities between children with and without Tourette syndrome using a nationally representative sample. In the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, parents reported on health care provider diagnosis of Tourette syndrome, co-occurring mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders, and indicators of social competence. Children aged 6-17 years with and without Tourette syndrome were compared. Most (78.7%) children with Tourette syndrome had a co-occurring mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder. Children with Tourette syndrome had significantly lower social competence, exhibited by higher levels of behavior problems (mean score 11.6 for Tourette syndrome and 9.0 for no Tourette syndrome) and lower levels of social skills (mean 15.3) than children without a Tourette syndrome diagnosis (mean 17.1); however, these associations were no longer significant after controlling for co-occurring mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. Moderate to severe Tourette syndrome was associated with the highest ratings of behavioral problems and the lowest ratings of social skills. Children with and without Tourette syndrome were equally likely to participate in social activities; the difference for children with moderate to severe Tourette syndrome being less likely to participate in activities compared to children with mild Tourette syndrome had a chi-square test P value of .05. In conclusion, Tourette syndrome was associated with lower social competence, particularly for children with moderate to severe Tourette syndrome. Monitoring social functioning and co-occurring conditions among children with Tourette syndrome, and referral for evidence-based interventions when needed, may benefit overall health and functioning. </jats:p>

Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among US Children with and Without Tourette Syndrome

“…The higher prevalence of any bullying involvement among children with TS could be associated with a number of factors that affect children with TS, including lower social competence, noticeability of tics, and high frequency of co-occurring disorders including anxiety and conduct problems. 16,[24][25][26][27] These factors can negatively influence social interactions by children with TS and thus may make children more likely to act out toward others and also more prone to victimization, for example, by experiencing bullying from teachers or other students who are frustrated with disruptive tics. 28,29 In this study, most children with TS (83%) had a cooccurring mental, behavioral, and developmental disorder (MBDD), many of which were independently associated with bullying behaviors, consistent with previous findings.…”

Tourette syndrome. The importance of the prevailing attitude and the social problems of the sufferers: literature review

“…Su dë tin giems vo ka li niams tikams pri ski ria ma echo la li ja (ki tø as me nø kal bos þo dþiø kar to ji mas), pa pi la li ja (þo dþiø ar ba fra ziø kar to ji mas), kop ro la li ja (keiks ma þo dþiø ir ne pa do riø þo dþiø ar fra ziø kar to ji mas) [4]. Tei gia ma, kad 72,9 % pa cien tø ser ga lengva TS for ma, o 27,1 % -vi du ti nio sun ku mo ar sun kiu TS [6]. Tiek mo to ri niai, tiek vo ka li niai ti kai su si de da ið tri jø kom po nen tø: ið anks ti nio po trau kio at lik ti ti kà, ti ko fi zi nës ið raið kos ir, at li kus ti kà, pa ti ria mo pa leng vë ji mo jaus mo [7].…”

“…Gy dant TS, daþ niau siai dë me sys ski ria mas ti kø ma þini mui, o ne ant ri nëms pro ble moms [6], to dël pa cien tams at si ran da ri zi ka pa tir ti di des niø so cia li niø pro ble mø [1]. Be to, áro dy ta, kad, ly gi nant su ben drà ja po pu lia ci ja, as me -nø, ser gan èiø TS, gy ve ni mo ko ky bë yra blo ges në, o so ciali nës pro ble mos tam da ro di des nae áta kà, nei pa èiø ti kø sunku mas [6]. So cia li niø pro ble mø kil më ga li bû ti glau dþiai su si ju si su TS simp to mø ir gre tu ti niø bûk liø ið raið ko mis [20].…”

“…Dau gu ma (78,7 %) vai kø, ser gan èiø TS, tu rë jo kar tu pa sireið ku siø psi chi kos, emo ci jø ar el ge sio su tri ki mø. Tuo tarpu tarp vai kø, ne ser gan èiø TS, ti ki my bë tu rë ti ðiuos su triki mus yra 16,4 % (p < 0,001) [6]. Be to, vai kai, ser gan tys lë ti niais ti kais, pa ti ria dau giau pro ble mø san ty kiuo se su ben dra am þiais ir daþ niau jø yra ver ti na mi kaip uþ da ri ir nepo pu lia rûs [22].…”

“…Jung ti niø Ame ri kos Vals ti jø moks li nin kø at lik tas ty ri mas pa ro dë, kad 90 % su au gu siø jø, vy res niø nei 20 me tø, ku rie vai kystë je sir go TS, vis dar pa ti ria ti kus [23]. TS ser gan èiø vai kø so cia li nio funk cio na vi mo ir gre tu ti niø su sir gi mø ste bë jimas ir pri rei kus nu krei pi mas tai ky ti áro dy mais pa grás tà gydy mà ga li bû ti nau din gas tiek TS kon tro lei, tiek sa va rankið ku mui vi suo me në je [6]. To dël la bai svar bu tei sin gai inter pre tuo ti TS kli ni ki nes ið raið kas ir áver tin ti, ko kià áta kà tai da ro so cia li niam ser gan èiø jø gy ve ni mui.…”