Indicators of Erythrocyte Damage after Microwave Warming of Packed Red Blood Cells

Hirsch, J.; Menzebach, A.; Welters, Ingeborg; Dietrich, G.; Katz, Norbert; Hempelmann, G.

doi:10.1373/49.5.792

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As detected by flow cytometry, the labeled rate of PS represents the decay and death rate of erythrocytes (28), while changes in the FSC value represent changes in the volume of erythrocytes, with a decreased FSC value indicating a reduced cell size (29). In the present study, the labeled rate of PS was found to increase with increasing concentration of sevoflurane, while the FSC was found to be reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Sevoflurane inhibits the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes

Yuan³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of sevoflurane on the antioxidant capacity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content and lifespan of erythrocytes. A 2% erythrocyte suspension was prepared from whole blood collected from healthy volunteers and then treated with sevoflurane at different concentrations (group A, 0%; group S1, 1%; group S3, 3%; and group S5, 5%), in the presence or absence of 200 µmol/l hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , or H in group names). In order to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on the antioxidant capacity and NO metabolism of erythrocytes, the hemolysis rate, catalase (CAT) content and eNOS content were determined, while the labeled phosphatidylserine rate and forward scatter of erythrocytes were detected using flow cyto metry. Group S3 showed the highest hemolysis rate in the absence H 2 O 2 , while treatment with H 2 O 2 increased the hemolysis rate of groups S1 and S3 (P= 0.027). The CAT content in groups treated with sevoflurane was significantly lower compared with that in the control (group A, air group). The CAT content in groups S1+H, S3+H and S5+H remained significantly lower compared with group A+H (P<0.05). The eNOS content of group A was similar to that of group S3, while the content in group S1 was similar to that in group S5. In addition, the eNOS content of groups A and S3 increased, while that of groups S1 and S5 was reduced upon H 2 O 2 treatment (P<0.05). The results indicated that sevoflurane reduced the antioxidative activity of erythrocytes, decreasing the resistant ability to H 2 O 2 damage and increasing the hemolysis rate. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibitory effect on the CAT activity of erythrocytes. Sevoflurane also inhibited the generation of nitric oxide in erythrocytes and reduced the tolerance of erythrocytes against oxidative stress damage due to H 2 O 2 .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Sevoflurane inhibits the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes

Yuan³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…On the other hand, heat fixation of ex vivo samples by microwave irradiation caused red cell lysis (25,26). Erythrocytes were also damaged after microwave warming of packed red blood cells, and this damage led to hemolysis (19). Microwaves increase the 22 Na permeability of erythrocytes (21) and are known to result in the release or shedding of at least 11 low molecular weight proteins from rabbit erythrocytes (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, microwaves have been shown to injure cell membranes, nuclear membranes, and those of organelles (20,25,26). Hemolysis occurs after microwave irradiation (19,25,26). Subsequently, membrane injury induces the release of contents inside the membranes (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Erythrocytes Distinguishes Fixed Cells/Tissues from Viable Cells/Tissues Following Microwave Coagulation Therapy

et al. 2005

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Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) has recently been applied to treat hepatic tumors. However, the histological changes in the liver following MCT have not been fully elucidated. A type of cell death known as microwave fixation has been reported in areas adjacent to the microwave irradiator electrodes, and these areas are without acid phosphatase (AcP) activity. Diagnosis of microwave-fixed tissue by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining is very difficult because morphology is well maintained for months. In an effort to clarify the histological changes and the mechanisms of microwave fixation, we performed HE staining, enzyme histochemistry for AcP, and electron microscopy in both rat and human liver samples after MCT. Although the microwave-fixed tissues maintained their structure on HE staining, membranes of microwave-fixed cells were seriously damaged and there were no apparent organelle structures in these cells on electron microscopy. Erythrocytes were also damaged in these tissues on both light and electron microscopy. The cause of microwave fixation is thought to be injury of the membrane, which is similar to coagulative necrosis. In conclusion, microwave fixation can be considered a type of coagulative necrosis without enzyme digestion. Disruption of erythrocytes on HE staining is an interesting and important diagnostic clue in distinguishing nonviable fixed tissues from viable tissues following MCT.

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“…Blood warming to 42°C caused immediate hemolysis, which is doubled at 47°C and increased tenfold at 52°C. Hemolysis had an additional twofold delayed increase 48 hours after blood was exposed to temperatures of 42°C and 47°C compared with measurements taken soon after heating [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%