Indicators of dependence for different types of tobacco product users: Descriptive findings from Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study

Strong, David R.; Pearson, Jennifer; Ehlke, Sarah; Kirchner, Thomas; Abrams, David B.; Taylor, Kristie; Compton, Wilson M.; Conway, Kevin P.; Lambert, Elizabeth; Green, Victoria R.; Hull, Lynn C; Evans, Sarah E.; Cummings, K. Michael; Goniewicz, Maciej Ł.; Hyland, Andrew; Niaura, Raymond

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.010

Cited by 126 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Differences in product user groups also reflect, in part, differences in tobacco dependence (Strong et al, 2017). Associations between concurrent use and dependence are well documented (Castane et al, 2005;Maldonado et al, 2006;Peters et al, 2012) and have plausible mechanisms via enhanced reinforcement, conditioned pairings to strengthen cues for concurrent use, and amelioration of cognitive deficits of marijuana use alone (Schuster et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Strong

Myers

Pulvers

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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A B S T R A C TBackground: With an increase in marijuana use among adults in the United States (US), understanding the potential impact of marijuana use on tobacco use and associated behavioral and health consequences, including respiratory conditions, is necessary. Method: Survey responses from Wave 1 of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were used to assess tobacco use and marijuana use among non-current tobacco users (n = 17,952) and current established tobacco-users classified as: cigarette only users (n = 8689), e-cigarette only users (n = 437), cigar only (traditional, cigarillo, or filtered) users (n = 706), hookah only users (n = 461), smokeless tobacco only users (n = 971), cigarette + e-cigarette users (n = 709), and users of multiple tobacco products (n = 2314). Results: When compared to non-current tobacco users, each tobacco user group except smokeless only users had higher odds (odds ratios ranging from 3.86-8.07) of reporting current marijuana use. Among current tobacco users, higher levels of tobacco dependence did not explain the relationship between tobacco use and marijuana use. Additionally, concurrent marijuana use was associated with lower odds of attempts to quit tobacco (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.79, 0.94, p < 0.001) and a higher probability (OR = 1.35, 95CI = 1.21, 1.51, p < 0.01) of reporting a history of respiratory disease. Conclusions:The association between concurrent use of tobacco and marijuana and higher tobacco dependence and lower rates of quit attempts suggests the potential for sustained tobacco use and deleterious health effects. Further, marijuana use may represent an additive risk for respiratory harm among concurrent users of tobacco and marijuana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items were scaled to produce TD scores ranging from 0 to 100. Details of the psychometric validation of the PATH Instrument for TD are described elsewhere (Strong et al, 2017).…”

Section: Symptoms Of Tobacco Dependence (Td)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Strong

Myers

Pulvers

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Daily smoking is an established indicator of dependence. Compared to daily smokers, non‐daily smokers find it easier to quit , which probably reflects a low level of nicotine dependence . We have not included time to first cigarettes of the day, the best single predictor of smoking cessation success , in our categorizing scheme as it is questionable as to whether it is a meaningful measure for non‐daily smokers because it is only assessed on the days they smoke.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new classification system for describing concurrent use of nicotine vaping products alongside cigarettes (so‐called ‘dual use’): findings from the ITC‐4 Country Smoking and Vaping wave 1 Survey

et al. 2019

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Aims To determine whether a simple combination of level of smoking and level of vaping results in a useful typology for characterizing smoking and vaping behaviours. Methods Cross-sectional data from adults (≥ 18 years) in the 2016 wave 1 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in the United States (n = 2291), England (n = 3591), Australia (n = 1376) and Canada (n = 2784) were used. Participants who either smoked, vaped or concurrently used both at least monthly were included and divided into eight groups based on use frequency of each product (daily, non-daily, no current use). This resulted in four concurrent use groups (predominant smokers, dual daily users, predominant vapers and concurrent non-daily users). These groups were compared with each other and with the four exclusive use groups, on socio-demographics, nicotine dependence, beliefs and attitudes about both products, and quit-related measures using data weighted to reference population surveys in each country. Results Of the sample, 10.8% were concurrent users, with daily smokers vaping non-daily (predominant smokers), constituting 51.6% of this group. All eight categories differed from other categories on at least some measures. Concurrent daily nicotine users reported higher levels of indicators of nicotine dependence, and generally more positive attitudes toward both smoking and vaping than concurrent non-daily users. Among daily nicotine users, compared with exclusive daily smokers, reports of interest in quitting were higher in all concurrent use groups. Dual daily users had the most positive attitudes about smoking overall, and saw it as the least denormalized, and at the same time were equally interested in quitting as other concurrent users and were most likely to report intending to continue vaping. Conclusions In Australia, Canada, England and the United States in 2016, daily nicotine users differed considerably from non-daily nicotine users. Among daily nicotine users, dual daily users (those who smoke and vape concurrently) should be treated as a distinct grouping when studying relationships between smoking and vaping. The eight-level typology characterizing concurrent and exclusive use of smoking and vaping should be considered when studying both products.

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“…29 Tobacco use characteristics Time since last use for each tobacco product among adult former established users was categorised as: between 30 days and 1 year, between more than 1 year up to 2 years or more than 2 years. Among adult recent former established users only, tobacco dependence was also assessed (using a 16-item measure validated across multiple types of tobacco use, see reference 23 for more details).…”

Section: Demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-cigarette tobacco product users exhibit different patterns of use 21 and different levels of nicotine dependence. 22 23 The lack of data on relapse for tobacco products other than cigarettes is a significant limitation of the current literature, since use of non-cigarette tobacco products has increased in recent years. [24][25][26][27] Understanding the sociodemographic and tobacco use factors associated with reuptake and Table 1 Definitions relapse behaviors baseline Tobacco use Group (W1 or W2) Follow-up Outcome (W2 or W3) Reuptake 1 ( Table 2 and online supplementary table 2) Adults and Youth, Previous Use: For any tobacco and each tobacco product category 4 , had ever used the product (even once or twice) but not in the past 30 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of tobacco product reuptake and relapse among youth and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveThis study examines sociodemographic and tobacco use correlates of reuptake and relapse to tobacco use across a variety of tobacco products (cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems, cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco) among the US population.DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth (ages 12–17) and adults (ages 18+). Reuptake (past 30-day use among previous tobacco users) and relapse (current use among former established users; adults only) were examined among previous users of at least one type of tobacco product at Wave 1 (W1) or Wave 2 (W2) (n=19 120 adults, n=3039 youth). Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between demographic and tobacco use characteristics at baseline, with reuptake/relapse at follow-up, over two 1-year periods (W1–W2 and W2–Wave 3).ResultsAny tobacco product reuptake occurred in 7.8% of adult previous users and 30.3% of youth previous users. Correlates of any tobacco reuptake included being male, non-Hispanic black and bisexual in adults, but race and sexual orientation were not consistent findings in youth. Among recent former users, relapse rates were greater (32.9%). Shorter time since last use and greater levels of tobacco dependence showed the strongest association with any tobacco relapse.DiscussionContinued clinical and public health efforts to provide adults with tools to cope with tobacco dependence symptoms, especially within the first year or two after quitting, could help prevent relapse.

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Indicators of dependence for different types of tobacco product users: Descriptive findings from Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study

Abstract: The PATH Study Adult Wave 1 Questionnaire provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enables future regulatory investigations of nicotine dependence across tobacco products.

Cited by 126 publications

References 23 publications

Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

A new classification system for describing concurrent use of nicotine vaping products alongside cigarettes (so‐called ‘dual use’): findings from the ITC‐4 Country Smoking and Vaping wave 1 Survey

Correlates of tobacco product reuptake and relapse among youth and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

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