Indicators Affecting the Urban Resilience with a Scenario Approach in Tehran Metropolis

Abstract

Urban resilience refers to the capacity of an urban system to fully recover from unforeseen calamities. This study aims to assess the physical resilience indicators used to measure urban resilience in Tehran, the political and economic capital of Iran, and to pinpoint the most significant direct and indirect influences on urban resilience. The research process divided into two parts. The environmental scanning approach (reviewing papers and published sources, interviewing specialists, and monitoring conferences) and the literature review were employed in the first part to compile a database of the key information on the elements impacting physical resilience. The most significant factors impacting physical resilience over the next ten years were requested to be identified by specialists and intellectuals in the second part. Finally, the MicMac program was used to analyze the data after 29 variables were specified in Delphi. In light of the trace-analysis-dependence diagram, which depicts the instability of the influential factors and the persistence of their impact on other variables, the results demonstrate that Tehran’s physical resilience is in an unstable condition. According to the results, the factors that have the maximum impact on other variables are granularity drivers, emergency evacuation capacity, rescue and security spaces (emergency, fire station, and police station), impermeability, rate of the amendment and retrofitting measures in the buildings of each zone, building age, and the compatibility of land uses. The variables that are most susceptible to change from other variables include the distribution status of dangerous land uses, the quality of the buildings, the rate of historically vulnerable buildings, the vulnerability of internal and external roads, the rate of improvements and retrofitting measures in buildings in each zone, as well as historically vulnerable historical buildings.

Prioritization physical resilience criteria for affordable housing locating based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

“…Delshad et al [26] state that physical resilience against earthquakes can be measured with some criteria such as physical resistance, road network, infrastructural facilities and services, and the condition of open space. In their research, Farhadi et al [27] introduced the physical measures affecting resilience by the uses surrounding the fabric, urban infrastructure including roads, crisis centers, and water supply, and access to open space. The dimensions of physical resilience against natural disasters have been presented by Ghasemi and Gharaee [28], resilience of place (feature of the land, distance from the river, etc.…”

“…Access to suitable open spaces to escape from dangerous factors and access to safe places, the possibility of quick and safe escape and shelter, facilitating relief and rescue operations after the earthquake, speeding up cleaning operations are essential. Therefore, it is the degree and quality of open spaces that can act as the additional element of destroyed buildings and infrastructures in the event of an earthquake crisis, therefore, open spaces play a crucial role in the physical resilience of space against earthquakes [26,27,32]. If the ratio of green space is high, the regulation ability of rainwater infiltration is also good [34].…”

Air Quality and Environmental Effects Due to COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran: Lessons for Sustainability

“…According to the most recent Iranian population and housing census, it has a population of 8,693,706 inhabitants. There are 22 districts in Tehran [51,[56][57][58].…”

“…The primary hypothesis of this research is that the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered a transition framework toward building communities marked by the environmental sustainability principles of socio-technological resilience [50,51].…”

A Bibliometric Analysis of Circular Economies through Sustainable Smart Cities

“…More than 70% of the world's CO 2 emissions are produced by industrial and motorized transportation systems, which use fossil fuels and are dependent on distant infrastructure made of carbon-intensive materials. Cities and metropolitan areas account for approximately 70% of the world's Gross Domestic Product [1][2][3][4]. This urbanization process creates Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues, stressing the significance of developing environmentally sound methods to reduce resource consumption, such as urban mining.…”