Indicator of redox in soil (IRIS) films as a water management tool for rice farmers

Evans, Abby; Limmer, Matt A.; Seyfferth, Angelia L.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112920

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In practice, Mn films can be more challenging to accurately quantify using visual methods because of Fe precipitation in areas of Mn removal. Previous visual assessment of Mn IRIS films have shown that orange spots on Mn films after film removal from reducing soils are precipitated Fe oxide (Figure 4; Evans et al, 2021;Rabenhorst, 2018). The Fe oxide precipitation on Mn films occurs because Mn oxides are strong oxidants that have the ability to oxidize Fe(II) in porewater (Lovley & Phillips, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Films were removed from rice paddies after different deployment durations (6-96 h), resulting in a range of paint removal intensities (L* f, A* f , B* f ). In both experiments (Evans et al, 2021), the films were deployed at the beginning of a reflooding event in the rice paddies and flooded conditions were maintained throughout the experiment. To provide a range of soil redox conditions, one study was performed with plants present, whereas the other study was performed after plants were harvested.…”

Section: Comparison Of Quantification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide a range of soil redox conditions, one study was performed with plants present, whereas the other study was performed after plants were harvested. The study performed while plants were present in resulted in much higher rates of paint removal, likely due to labile carbon provided by plant root exudates (Evans et al, 2021). For the postharvest study, paddies were dried to different depths prior to reflooding-either 15 or 30 cm below the ground surface (Carrijo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Comparison Of Quantification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The IRIS Imager: A freeware program for quantification of paint removal on IRIS films

Limmer

Evans

Seyfferth

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Soils with seasonal or continuous water saturation are characterized by unique redoxrelated processes including Fe and Mn oxide reduction. Indicators of reduction in soils (IRIS) devices were created as low-cost, direct sensors of such reduced chemistry. Such IRIS devices are painted with oxides of Fe or Mn, inserted into the soil, and then removed after a period of time; once removed, the paint lost due to reductive dissolution of these oxides is used to indicate the presence, location, and/or intensity of reducing conditions. However, quantifying the paint removal using existing methods can be subjective and time consuming. Here, we describe the use of the IRIS Imager, an image analysis program that calculates removal of paint from IRIS films in L*a*b* color space (where L* is lightness, a* is red-green value, and b* is blueyellow value) by comparing the change in lightness between initial and final IRIS film images. Paint removal from films deployed in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy soils were quantified using the IRIS Imager, the grid method, and chemical extractions of IRIS films. All three methods were suitable for quantification of paint removal, but the IRIS Imager provided additional statistics to assess heterogeneity in paint removal on individual films and a less subjective approach to quantifying Mn oxide paint removal when Fe oxidation on Mn films was present. This free software can be used with IRIS devices to reproducibly measure paint removal from Fe oxide and Mn oxide IRIS and Fe oxide precipitation on Mn oxide IRIS.Abbreviations: DCB, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate; ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; IRIS, indicator of reduction in soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comparison Of Quantification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Quantification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The IRIS Imager: A freeware program for quantification of paint removal on IRIS films

Limmer

Evans

Seyfferth

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…At the farm scale, engineering skills are needed for creative approaches to low-cost tools to support field-level interventions. For example, new and inexpensive redox-sensitive films may guide water management in rice production or wetland or marsh restoration [ 61 , 62 ]. User-facing decision support tools can help weigh a suite of options across a set of target metrics [ 63 – 65 ] and provide verification of measurable environmental impacts [ 66 ].…”

Section: Research Design and Education Needs And New Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: biological engineering for nature-based climate solutions

Runkle

2022

J Biol Eng

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Nature-based Climate Solutions are landscape stewardship techniques to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil or biomass carbon sequestration. These mitigation approaches to climate change present an opportunity to supplement energy sector decarbonization and provide co-benefits in terms of ecosystem services and landscape productivity. The biological engineering profession must be involved in the research and implementation of these solutions—developing new tools to aid in decision-making, methods to optimize across different objectives, and new messaging frameworks to assist in prioritizing among different options. Furthermore, the biological engineering curriculum should be redesigned to reflect the needs of carbon-based landscape management. While doing so, the biological engineering community has an opportunity to embed justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion within both the classroom and the profession. Together these transformations will enhance our capacity to use sustainable landscape management as an active tool to mitigate the risks of climate change.

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“…While some work has identified a critical soil Si level in Louisiana (Paye et al, 2018), more work will be needed to develop appropriate soil Si tests and critical levels for rice grown in the mid-south under varying water managements. Other tools can help guide water management via depictions of redox conditions or soil arsenic levels (Evans et al, 2021;Huhmann et al, 2021). Improving management tools can thus help farmers to evaluate practice adoption from a holistic perspective that includes all necessary aspects such as potential yield loss.…”

Section: Optimizing Science and Management For Socio-technical Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Technical Changes for Sustainable Rice Production: Rice Husk Amendment, Conservation Irrigation, and System Changes

et al. 2021

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Rice is a staple food and primary source of calories for much of the world. However, rice can be a dietary source of toxic metal(loid)s to humans, and its cultivation creates atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions and requires high water use. Because rice production consumes a significant amount of natural resources and is a large part of the global agricultural economy, increasing its sustainability could have substantial societal benefits. There are opportunities for more sustainable field production through a combination of silicon (Si) management and conservation irrigation practices. As a Si-rich soil amendment, rice husks can limit arsenic and cadmium uptake, while also providing plant vigor in drier soil conditions. Thus, husk addition and conservation irrigation may be more effective to attenuate the accumulation of toxic metal(loid)s, manage water usage and lower climate impacts when implemented together than when either is implemented separately. This modified field production system would take advantage of rice husks, which are an underutilized by-product of milled rice that is widely available near rice farm sites, and have ~10% Si content. Husk application could, alongside alternate wetting and drying or furrow irrigation management, help resolve multiple sustainability challenges in rice production: (1) limit arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice; (2) minimize greenhouse gas emissions from rice production; (3) decrease irrigation water use; (4) improve nutrient use efficiency; (5) utilize a waste product of rice processing; and (6) maintain plant-accessible soil Si levels. This review presents the scientific basis for a shift in rice production practices and considers complementary rice breeding efforts. It then examines socio-technical considerations for how such a shift in production practices could be implemented by farmers and millers together and may bring rice production closer to a bio-circular economy. This paper's purpose is to advocate for a changed rice production method for consideration by community stakeholders, including producers, millers, breeders, extension specialists, supply chain organizations, and consumers, while highlighting remaining research and implementation questions.

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Indicator of redox in soil (IRIS) films as a water management tool for rice farmers

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

The IRIS Imager: A freeware program for quantification of paint removal on IRIS films

The IRIS Imager: A freeware program for quantification of paint removal on IRIS films

Review: biological engineering for nature-based climate solutions

Socio-Technical Changes for Sustainable Rice Production: Rice Husk Amendment, Conservation Irrigation, and System Changes

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