Indicative value of benthic foraminifera for biomonitoring: Assignment to ecological groups of sensitivity to total organic carbon of species from European intertidal areas and transitional waters
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“…We calculated specific richness, absolute densities (indiv.50 cm −2 ) and relative abundances per station (%) after pooling the three replicate samples together. Then, four biotic indices were calculated based on benthic foraminifera: the diversity index exp(H bc ) [45], and three sensitivity-based indices, i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], FSI [49] and TSI-Med (Tolerant Species Index-Mediterranean, [48]).…”
Section: Faunal Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bolivina dilatata showed the same pattern as Bulimina aculeata, with increasing relative abundance towards the cages (Figure 6). Like other bolivinids, this species is able to flourish under harmful conditions [27] and is often considered a stress-tolerant or opportunistic species [41,48,49]. However, this species was assigned to EGII in open marine environments from the Mediterranean Sea [47].…”
Section: Species Response To Fish Farming Cages: Improving Foram-ambi Original Species List Assignment To Ecological Group the Foram-ambimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under fish farms, several studies have reported a change in foraminiferal communities [11,[36][37][38][39][40]. Noticeably, tolerant and opportunistic species abundances increase close to the oyster and fish farms while sensitive ones tend to disappear [36,[41][42][43]. To increase their use in environmental monitoring surveys, biotic indices based on benthic foraminifera indices have been developed (see review [44]).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To increase their use in environmental monitoring surveys, biotic indices based on benthic foraminifera indices have been developed (see review [44]). They are based either on their diversity i.e., the exp(H bc ) [45] or on the species-specific response to total organic carbon content i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], TSI-Med [48] and Foram Stress Index [49]. These indices were successfully applied to assess the health of benthic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea [31,37,41,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are based either on their diversity i.e., the exp(H bc ) [45] or on the species-specific response to total organic carbon content i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], TSI-Med [48] and Foram Stress Index [49]. These indices were successfully applied to assess the health of benthic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea [31,37,41,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. However, benthic foraminifera are not yet acknowledged as a biological quality element for the implementation of the WFD and MSFD.…”
Corsican marine aquaculture is one of the highest contributors of fish production in France, which may result in environmental perturbations caused by organic matter (OM) accumulation under fish farms and impacting natural communities. This study aimed to (1) characterise the environmental conditions at two different fish farms, (2) monitor the response of benthic foraminiferal species to this activity, and (3) assess the accuracy of existing foraminiferal biotic indices. In 2017, sea floor sediment was sampled in transects from two Corsican fish farms for living foraminiferal and sedimentary analyses. Four indices were calculated and compared: exp(H′bc), Foram-AMBI, Foram Stress Index and TSI-Med. A significant increase in total organic carbon (TOC) has been shown, mainly below the fish cages. Communities were characterized by a shift from high density, opportunistic and tolerant species under the cages to lower densities and more sensitive species further away. According to their distribution patterns along the TOC gradient, we propose to update the ecological group classification of seven species to improve Foram-AMBI’s accuracy and sensitivity: Triloculina oblonga and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana to Ecological Group (EG) I; Rosalina bradyi to EGIII; and Bolivina dilatata, Bulimina aculeata and Quinqueloculina stalkeri to EGIV. We recommend prioritising the use of TSI-Med and Foram-AMBI with the updated list to assess ecological quality in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
“…We calculated specific richness, absolute densities (indiv.50 cm −2 ) and relative abundances per station (%) after pooling the three replicate samples together. Then, four biotic indices were calculated based on benthic foraminifera: the diversity index exp(H bc ) [45], and three sensitivity-based indices, i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], FSI [49] and TSI-Med (Tolerant Species Index-Mediterranean, [48]).…”
Section: Faunal Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bolivina dilatata showed the same pattern as Bulimina aculeata, with increasing relative abundance towards the cages (Figure 6). Like other bolivinids, this species is able to flourish under harmful conditions [27] and is often considered a stress-tolerant or opportunistic species [41,48,49]. However, this species was assigned to EGII in open marine environments from the Mediterranean Sea [47].…”
Section: Species Response To Fish Farming Cages: Improving Foram-ambi Original Species List Assignment To Ecological Group the Foram-ambimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under fish farms, several studies have reported a change in foraminiferal communities [11,[36][37][38][39][40]. Noticeably, tolerant and opportunistic species abundances increase close to the oyster and fish farms while sensitive ones tend to disappear [36,[41][42][43]. To increase their use in environmental monitoring surveys, biotic indices based on benthic foraminifera indices have been developed (see review [44]).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To increase their use in environmental monitoring surveys, biotic indices based on benthic foraminifera indices have been developed (see review [44]). They are based either on their diversity i.e., the exp(H bc ) [45] or on the species-specific response to total organic carbon content i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], TSI-Med [48] and Foram Stress Index [49]. These indices were successfully applied to assess the health of benthic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea [31,37,41,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are based either on their diversity i.e., the exp(H bc ) [45] or on the species-specific response to total organic carbon content i.e., Foram-AMBI [41,46,47], TSI-Med [48] and Foram Stress Index [49]. These indices were successfully applied to assess the health of benthic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea [31,37,41,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. However, benthic foraminifera are not yet acknowledged as a biological quality element for the implementation of the WFD and MSFD.…”
Corsican marine aquaculture is one of the highest contributors of fish production in France, which may result in environmental perturbations caused by organic matter (OM) accumulation under fish farms and impacting natural communities. This study aimed to (1) characterise the environmental conditions at two different fish farms, (2) monitor the response of benthic foraminiferal species to this activity, and (3) assess the accuracy of existing foraminiferal biotic indices. In 2017, sea floor sediment was sampled in transects from two Corsican fish farms for living foraminiferal and sedimentary analyses. Four indices were calculated and compared: exp(H′bc), Foram-AMBI, Foram Stress Index and TSI-Med. A significant increase in total organic carbon (TOC) has been shown, mainly below the fish cages. Communities were characterized by a shift from high density, opportunistic and tolerant species under the cages to lower densities and more sensitive species further away. According to their distribution patterns along the TOC gradient, we propose to update the ecological group classification of seven species to improve Foram-AMBI’s accuracy and sensitivity: Triloculina oblonga and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana to Ecological Group (EG) I; Rosalina bradyi to EGIII; and Bolivina dilatata, Bulimina aculeata and Quinqueloculina stalkeri to EGIV. We recommend prioritising the use of TSI-Med and Foram-AMBI with the updated list to assess ecological quality in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
We analyze potential Late Holocene metal contamination along a sediment core collected in the distal zone of Ria de Vigo (North Spain). Statistical treatment of the dataset based on a multiproxy approach enabled us to identify and disentangle factors influencing the depositional processes and the preservation of the records of this activity in the area over the last ≈3000 years bp. Some layers of the analyzed core have significant enrichment in Cu and a moderate enrichment in Ag, Mo, As, Sb, S, Zn, Ni, Sn, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, and Li. The enrichment of these elements in some layers of this core may be related to mining activities that have taken place since classical times in the region. Successive phases of pollution were identified along the core KSGX24 related to the Late Bronze Age (≈3000-2450 years bp), Iron Age (≈2450-1850 years bp), Roman times (≈1850-1550 years bp), Middle Ages (≈1250-500 years bp), and industrial and modern (≈250-0 years bp) anthropic activities. The protection of the Cies Islands, the erosive and transport capacity of the rivers in the region, oscillations of the oceanographic and climatic regime, atmospheric contamination, and diagenetic sedimentary processes might have contributed to the accumulation and preservation of this record in the distal region of the Ria de Vigo. The studied core shows that the industrial and preindustrial anthropic impacts caused an environmental liability and contributed to the presence of moderate to heavy pollution of various metals in surface and subsurface sediment layers in the distal sector of the Ria de Vigo, which could be a hazard to biota.
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