Indications of mesopelagic foraging by a small odontocete

Nielsen, Nynne H.; Teilmann, Jonas; Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter

doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3525-1

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, with 5-7 animals that were tagged for hours to a few days, inferences have been made about click communication (Sørensen et al, 2018), fine-scale movements (van Beest et al, 2018b) and responses to (sound) disruption (van Beest et al, 2018a;Wisniewska et al, 2018b). Sample sizes of 10-20 animals provided valuable information on time allocation and diving behaviour (Nielsen et al, 2019;Teilmann et al, 2007), metabolic rates (Rojano-Donãte et al, 2018) and distribution compared to PAM results (Mikkelsen et al, 2016). Studies into home-ranges, distribution and predator-prey relationships base their conclusion generally on 30 -70 animals and extended periods of data collection (~ 1 year per animal and over more years) (Edrén et al, 2010;Kindt-Larsen et al, 2016;Nielsen et al, 2018;Sveegaard et al, 2011aSveegaard et al, , 2012.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, dive patterns (dive lengths and profiles, time at surface and at different depths, swim speed) can provide information on where animals are foraging, e.g. pelagic, benthic, and allow for a general idea on prey (Akamatsu et al, 2005;Arranz et al, 2011;Booth, 2020;Nielsen et al, 2019;Rasmussen et al, 2013;Sørensen et al, 2018;Teilmann et al, 2007;Wisniewska et al, 2016Wisniewska et al, , 2018a. Information on dive patterns can be acquired over a longer period of time by telemetry tags, and in a higher resolution but over a shorter period of time by archival tags with multiple sensors.…”

Section: Where and How Often Do Harbour Porpoises Forage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of tagging harbour porpoises - aplication to the Dutch North Sea : knowledge base report

Vrooman¹,

Geelhoed²,

Scheidat³

2022

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Where and How Often Do Harbour Porpoises Forage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of tagging harbour porpoises - aplication to the Dutch North Sea : knowledge base report

Vrooman¹,

Geelhoed²,

Scheidat³

2022

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“…They usually forage near the sea bottom, but may also do some pelagic feeding at night (Bjørge & Tolley, 2018). Recently, studies have reported that, at least in one population, individuals perform seasonal travels to offshore temperate waters where they feed on mesopelagic fish at depths around 400 m (Nielsen et al, 2018;Nielsen et al, 2019). In contrast, P. dalli prefers deep offshore waters of the North Pacific, but is also found in deep nearshore and inshore waters along the west coast of North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral morphology in extant porpoises: Radiation and functional implications

Marchesi

Galatius

Zaffino

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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Vertebral morphology has profound biomechanical implications and plays an important role in adaptation to different habitats and foraging strategies for cetaceans.Extant porpoise species (Phocoenidae) display analogous evolutionary patterns in both hemispheres associated with convergent evolution to coastal versus oceanic environments. We employed 3D geometric morphometrics to study vertebral morphology in five porpoise species with contrasting habitats: the coastal Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides); the mostly coastal harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Burmeister's porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis); and the oceanic spectacled porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica) and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli).We evaluated the radiation of vertebral morphology, both in size and shape, using multivariate statistics. We supplemented data with samples of an early-radiating delphinoid species, the narwhal (Monodon monoceros); and an early-radiating delphinid species, the white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris). Principal component analyses were used to map shape variation onto phylogenies, and phylogenetic constraints were investigated through permutation tests. We established links between vertebral morphology and movement patterns through biomechanical inferences from morphological presentations. We evidenced divergence in size between species with contrasting habitats, with coastal species tending to decrease in size from their estimated ancestral state, and oceanic species tending to increase in size. Regarding vertebral shape, coastal species had longer centra and shorter neural processes, but longer transverse processes, while oceanic species tended to have disk-shaped vertebrae with longer neural processes. Within Phocoenidae, the absence of phylogenetic constraints in vertebral morphology suggests a high level of evolutionary lability. Overall, our results are in accordance with the hypothesis of speciation within the family from a coastal ancestor, through adaptation to particular habitats. Variation in vertebral morphology in this group of small odontocetes highlights the importance of environmental complexity and particular selective pressures for the speciation process through the development of adaptations that minimize energetic costs during locomotion and prey capture.

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“…However, recent satellite tracking in West Greenland showed that the species leaves the continental shelf in the autumn and undertakes large-scale movements (up to 2,000 km) in >2,500 m deep, temperate, offshore waters in the North Atlantic in the winter/spring. Most animals return to the continental shelf in West Greenland the next summer while some move to East Greenland (Nielsen et al 2018, 2019). The genetically and morphologically distinct Greenland population has recently been described as a different “offshore” ecotype, as elsewhere in the northern hemisphere harbour porpoises may be considered more “coastal” (Galatius and Gol’din 2011; Olsen et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and size matter: foraging ecology of offshore harbour porpoises in waters around Greenland

Louis

Routledge

Heide‐Jørgensen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Individuals of different sex or age can vary in their resource use due to differences in behaviour, life history, energetic need, or size. Harbour porpoises are small cetaceans that rely on a constant prey supply to survive. Here, we use bone collagen carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope compositions to elucidate sex and size differences in the foraging ecology of harbour porpoises from West Greenland. In this region, populations have a unique offshore, deep-water ecology. Female harbour porpoises are larger than males and we find that females have a higher trophic level than males, and δ15N positively correlates with size for females only. This indicates that size may matter in the ability of females to handle larger prey and/or dive deeper to catch higher trophic level prey. These results suggest that females, which also feed their calves, may be under different ecological constraints than males. We also analysed the harbour porpoise data with comparable stable isotope data from Greenland populations of belugas and narwhals. Consistent with their small body size, and a diet consisting primarily of capelin, we find that harbour porpoises have a lower trophic level than belugas and narwhals. Furthermore, harbour porpoises have the largest ecological niche of the three species, which is in accordance with tagging studies indicating they have a wide range in shelf and deep offshore waters of the sub-arctic and North Atlantic.

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Indications of mesopelagic foraging by a small odontocete

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Current status of tagging harbour porpoises - aplication to the Dutch North Sea : knowledge base report

Current status of tagging harbour porpoises - aplication to the Dutch North Sea : knowledge base report

Vertebral morphology in extant porpoises: Radiation and functional implications

Sex and size matter: foraging ecology of offshore harbour porpoises in waters around Greenland

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