Indication that starch and sucrose are biomarkers for oil yield in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Transcriptomic analysis during fruit development of the oil palm revealed specific isozymes related to starch metabolism that control oil yield

“…In addition to starch synthesis, degradation pathways change during fruit development and yield. This was concluded from the correlation between increased hydrolytic activity and increased oil yield (Apriyanto et al, 2022b). As shown in Figure S3g and h, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and alphaglucosidase gene expression fluctuated, except for the AMY3, BAM3, and AGL isoforms.…”

“…Additionally, it has been shown that starch parameters such as total starch content (Figure 4), starch granule size, and inner starch structure (Figure S4a,b) are correlated with oil yield (Apriyanto et al, 2022b). These data suggest that the total starch content is influenced by an increase in the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large and small subunits (APL and APS).…”

“…Starch metabolism and oil biosynthesis genes are co-expressed during oil deposition, which suggests that starch metabolism is crucial for oil synthesis (Guerin et al, 2016). Our recent findings showed that starch parameters, such as total starch content, starch granule size, and chain length distribution, are correlated with oil yield (Apriyanto et al, 2022b). Additionally, starch-related hydrolytic activity during fruit development is strongly associated with oil yield (Apriyanto et al, 2022b).…”

“…Our previous study showed that starch and sucrose are biomarkers for palm oil production (Apriyanto et al, 2022b). Therefore, we focused on elaborating the gene expression profiles related to sucrose and starch metabolism and its closely related glycolysis pathway.…”

“…Unlike typical climacteric fruits, in which the peak of starch accumulation occurs before the fruit ripening phase, the peak of starch accumulation in oil palms occurs during the ripening phase at 22 (Apriyanto et al, 2022b) or 23 WAP (Bourgis et al, 2011). This situation makes oil palm have unique characteristics as a climacteric fruit.…”