Indicadores de accesibilidad para la evaluación del patrimonio cultural como recurso de desarrollo en áreas rurales de Huelva

Abstract

La recent reconceptualització del patrimoni cultural com a instrument i mig per al desenvolupament sostenible comporta la necessitat d'implementar eines capaces de mesurar, en termes qualitatius i quantitatius, diversos aspectes sobre la gestió dels béns i elements patrimonials de caràcter territorial. L'objectiu fonamental d'aquest treball és el de desenvolupar una eina que permeti, a través d'aplicacions de sistemes d'informació geogràfica, contribuir a la identificació del patrimoni cultural com a recurs de desenvolupament en un context d'equilibri territorial. Així, es defensa que, a major accessibilitat, entesa en totes les formes contemplades en el disseny metodològic que es presenta, major contribució permeten els béns culturals al desenvolupament sostenible d'àmbits rurals. Per a això, s'han dissenyat i desenvolupat indicadors específics sobre accessibilitat geogràfica (travel cost), accés territorial (propietat i ús del sòl), patrimoni en xarxa i accés digital, per a cadascun dels quals s'han distingit quatre nivells. Posteriorment, han estat aplicats a un conjunt d'elements del patrimoni immoble i immaterial de dues àrees rurals d'Andalusia, Espanya: Andévalo occidental i Sierra de Huelva. Els resultats obtinguts ofereixen conclusions útils com a suport per als processos de presa de decisions sobre patrimoni territorial en aquesta mena d'àmbits, extrapolables a altres estudis amb característiques similars. The recent reconceptualization of cultural heritage as an instrument and means for sustainable development entails the need for implementing tools capable of measuring, in qualitative and quantitative terms, various aspects of the management of heritage assets and elements in the territory. The main objective of this work is to develop a tool that allows, through Geographic Information Systems applications, to contribute to the identification of cultural heritage as a development resource in a context of territorial balance. Thus, it is argued that the greater the accessibility, understood in all the forms contemplated in the methodological design presented, the greater the contribution of cultural assets to the sustainable development of rural areas. To this end, specific indicators have been designed and developed on geographical accessibility (travel cost), territorial access (land ownership and use), networked heritage, and digital access). For each one of these, four levels have been distinguished. Subsequently, they have been applied to a set of elements of the immovable and intangible heritage of two rural areas in Andalusia, Spain: western Andévalo and Sierra de Huelva. The results obtained offer useful conclusions as support for decision-making processes on territorial heritage in this type of area, which can be extrapolated to other studies with similar characteristics. La reciente reconceptualización del patrimonio cultural como instrumento y medio para el desarrollo sostenible conlleva la necesidad de implementar herramientas capaces de medir, en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos, diversos aspectos sobre la gestión de los bienes y elementos patrimoniales de carácter territorial. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es el de desarrollar una herramienta que permita, a través de aplicaciones de sistemas de información geográfica, contribuir a la identificación del patrimonio cultural como recurso de desarrollo en un contexto de equilibrio territorial. Así, se defiende que, a mayor accesibilidad, entendida en todas las formas contempladas en el diseño metodológico que se presenta, mayor contribución permiten los bienes culturales al desarrollo sostenible de ámbitos rurales. Para ello, se han diseñado y desarrollado indicadores específicos sobre accesibilidad geográfica (travel cost), acceso territorial (propiedad y uso del suelo), patrimonio en red y acceso digital, para cada uno de los cuales se han distinguido cuatro niveles. Posteriormente, han sido aplicados a un conjunto de elementos del patrimonio inmueble e inmaterial de dos áreas rurales de Andalucía, España: Andévalo occidental y Sierra de Huelva. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen conclusiones útiles como soporte para los procesos de toma de decisiones sobre patrimonio territorial en este tipo de ámbitos, extrapolables a otros estudios con características similares.

Collaborative Mapping as a Tool for Citizen Participation: A Case of Cultural Heritage Management in Rural Areas

“…As for the territorial context of the research, the counties of Sierra de Huelva and El Andévalo (province of Huelva) cover 44 municipalities belonging to the cultural region of As for the territorial context of the research, the counties of Sierra de Huelva and El Andévalo (province of Huelva) cover 44 municipalities belonging to the cultural region of As for the territorial context of the research, the counties of Sierra de Huelva and El Andévalo (province of Huelva) cover 44 municipalities belonging to the cultural region of Sierra de Aracena and the cultural region of Andévalo (Figure 3). These adjoining counties "constitute a representative group of the rural reality of Andalusia" [26] (p. 9), located in a diverse territorial context, with the presence of municipalities in El Andévalo in clear demographic decline associated with the difficulties of the traditional agricultural sector and the crisis in mining activity. This situation of a demographic crisis is shared by isolated municipalities in the Sierra de Huelva (to the north), with very high rates of depopulation.…”

“…This situation of a demographic crisis is shared by isolated municipalities in the Sierra de Huelva (to the north), with very high rates of depopulation. The contrast in socio-demographic behaviour is presented by municipalities such as Valverde del Camino in Andévalo Occidental and Aracena, Cortegana, Aroche, and Jabugo in Sierra de Huelva, which are developing a productive fabric mainly associated with specific economic activities and rural tourism favoured by their connectivity with the main communication routes [26].…”

“…Architecture 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 5 Sierra de Aracena and the cultural region of Andévalo (Figure 3). These adjoining counties "constitute a representative group of the rural reality of Andalusia" [26] (p. 9), located in a diverse territorial context, with the presence of municipalities in El Andévalo in clear demographic decline associated with the difficulties of the traditional agricultural sector and the crisis in mining activity. This situation of a demographic crisis is shared by isolated municipalities in the Sierra de Huelva (to the north), with very high rates of depopulation.…”

“…In this line of argument, we identify citizens as active agents who must participate in a meaningful way in the decision-making processes related to the protection and valuation of assets of cultural interest, but also as informers and builders of knowledge about cultural heritage, especially in their immediate surroundings. This relationship between citizen and lived or perceived heritage acquires a special significance in rural areas, with clear demographic and economic problems, in the face of "high rates of conservation of their heritage" [26] (p. 2).…”

Networked Heritage Management in the Lower Guadalquivir (Spain)

“…This implies that heritage is not solely understood as historical monuments but as a collection of cultural and natural elements that contribute to the identity and history of a region. It represents a more holistic view of heritage, recognizing the interconnectedness between history, culture, and the environment [40][41][42][43].…”