Indian Small­Farming in Fiji: the Significance of Off­Farm Employment

Anderson, Anneka

doi:10.1111/apv.91002

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A common situation faced by the agriculture-dependent households in Fiji, is the decision to engage in off-farm income-generating activities as a means to improve their farm income and to reduce the risks and uncertainties (Anderson, 1968;Barbour & McGregor, 1998;Low, 1984Low, , 1985. The rural households make a significant input to off-farm income by contributing to food security, which is consumption smoothing achieved by creating better access to food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Previous studies in the case of Fiji have used small survey samples to observe off-farm income share and employment to explain a range of off-farm activities at the household level. A survey of 227 households comprising of Indo-Fijian farmers by Anderson (1968) indicates that 71% of these farm households obtained their income from outside of farm activities. Low (1984) notes that off-farm income improves the level of income inequality amongst farmers in Fiji.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Off-Farm Labour Participation and Time Allocation: Double-Hurdle Results in the Case of Fiji

Xing

Gounder

2021

Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development

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This study analyses the determinants of off-farm labour participation decisions of the agricultural households in Fiji. The analysis of joint decision to participate and the amount of time allocated to work is undertaken by using the double-hurdle model based on the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2008–2009. The results show that household head status, age, marital status, ethnicity and education influence off-farm participation decisions of the farm households. On the households’ time allocation decisions towards off-farm income-generating activities, the family size, remittances, income and several types of agricultural outputs influence the labour supply decisions. These households and farm characteristics are important in creating better returns, reducing risks from land constraints and natural disasters, managing income and consumption uncertainties and providing quality farm inputs. The results highlight some important policy implications that would help address low agricultural productivity and render increased support for off-farm income earning activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Off-Farm Labour Participation and Time Allocation: Double-Hurdle Results in the Case of Fiji

Xing

Gounder

2021

Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development

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A FIJIAN PEASANTRY: GALALA AND VILLAGERS

Overton

1988

Oceania

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Village societies in rural Fiji have often been studied in terms of a dichotomy between traditional village communalism and independent galala individualism. This was especially so in the 1960s, at a time when government efforts to promote individualist Fijian agriculture led to the creation of a number of resettlement schemes based on the peasant model. Social scientists hailed the galala movement as a fundamental and progressive process of change in Fijian society. However, recent evidence and the demise of regulations which institutionalised galala point to the present lack of distinction between galala and villagers. Indeed, there is considerable confusion within some villages over how galala should be defined and it seems to be much more a matter of spatial location of residence than any attitudinal or economic break with communalism.

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