Indian = Hindu? The Development of Nationalist Attitudes Among Hindu and Muslim Children in India

Ellwood-Lowe, Monica E; Berner, Catherine; Dunham, Yarrow; Srinivasan, Mahesh

doi:10.1111/cdev.13311

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Future research could also explore the intersection of a broader range of social categories (e.g., religion, language; Ellwood‐Lowe et al., 2020) and other aspects of children's identities (e.g., skin tone) in shaping leadership cognition. The present findings underscore that children's developing leadership cognition reflects intersectional considerations, and future research might unpack these patterns further (see also Ghavami et al., 2016; Santos & Toomey, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership, gender, and colorism: Children in India use social category information to guide leadership cognition

Santhanagopalan

Heck

Kinzler

2022

Developmental Science

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Across the globe, women and racial minorities are underrepresented in leadership. We examined the development of 5-10-year-old children's leadership cognition in India, the world's largest democracy. This cultural context offered the opportunity to study the development of attitudes about gender and to extend examinations of children's conceptions of race to include colorism (the privileging of lighter skin). In Experiment 1, children completed a novel Election Task in which they saw a fictional class with 20 students varying in gender (boys, girls) and race/skin tone (darker-skinned South Asian [Dark-SA], lighter-skinned South Asian [Light-SA], Black, White). Children predicted who would be elected as President, Treasurer, Welcomer, and Notetaker.Children most often chose Light-SA and White students as President. When choosing Presidents, younger children showed an own-gender bias, but by age 9, both boys and girls primarily chose boy Presidents. Importantly, children's choices differed for the other class positions. Next, we asked children to draw a "leader." No boys drew a girl, and girls' drawings were mixed (52% drew girls). In Experiment 2, we replicated the drawing task findings and compared children's drawings of a leader to their drawings of a helper and a scientist. Children most often drew boys and men as leaders and scientists, but not as helpers, suggesting specificity of children's pro-male bias to male-stereotyped positions. Children's conceptions of leadership reflected a male bias and an association between lighter skin and status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership, gender, and colorism: Children in India use social category information to guide leadership cognition

Santhanagopalan

Heck

Kinzler

2022

Developmental Science

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“…They found that children's friendship networks tended to be segregated on the basis of religion, and that the internalization of the association between religion and nationalism was associated with social segregation of religious groups. However, they caution against pessimistic conclusions suggesting that 'even in a region a history of religious conflicts, and among children who exhibit intergroup religious bias, it is possible for minority children to develop inclusive associations and beliefs of what it means to be a citizen of their country' (Ellwood-Lowe et al 2019: 1391. The ongoing protests against the CAA have demonstrated that some issues are capable of bringing together people of different belief systems and faiths.…”

Section: Devleena Ghosh Lola Sharon Davidsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundaries and Crossings: Religious Fluidity in Twenty-first Century India

Davidson

2022

PORTAL

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Following Partition, newly independent India adopted a constitution based on secularism and rights for minorities. In recent years, under the Bharatiya Janata Paty government, this model of society has been steadily eroded and supplanted by one favouring Hindu nationalism. This shift has changed the ways in which various religious communities relate to each other as well as their relationship with the state. In this special issue, we examine how these social and political shifts have impacted on the willingness of individuals to engage across religious boundaries and highlight instances of continuing religious cosmopolitanism.

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“…In the context of religions and their nation‐states, Christians in the United States often associate Christianity with being an American (Butz & Carvalho, 2015; Jacob & Theiss‐Morse, 2013). Similarly, many Hindus in India associate Hinduism with their national identity (Ellwood‐Lowe et al., 2019).…”

Section: In‐group Prototypicality and Support Of Subgroup–superordina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Religious orientations, prototypicality threat, and attitudes toward church–state separation

Wagoner

VanCuren

2021

J Applied Social Pyschol

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We investigated whether stronger religious fundamentalism predicted negative attitudes toward church-state separation as a consequence of perceiving low in-group prototypicality (IGP). Across two studies (N = 635), Christians from the United States reported their religious orientations (intrinsic, extrinsic-personal, extrinsic-social, fundamentalism) before we measured (or manipulated) their perceptions of IGP. The dependent variables were attitudes toward church-state separation (S1, S2) and attitudes toward religious-national integration (S2). Results showed that stronger religious fundamentalism predicted negative attitudes toward church-state separation.Results also showed that fundamentalists' negativity toward church-state separation was stronger when Christianity was not perceived as prototypical of America's identity. Religious fundamentalism did not predict attitudes toward church-state separation when perceiving high IGP. Religious fundamentalism predicted support of religious-national integration irrespective of IGP. The results suggest that fundamentalists will oppose the separation of church and state when they perceive their religion is not prototypical of their national identity.

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Indian = Hindu? The Development of Nationalist Attitudes Among Hindu and Muslim Children in India

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Leadership, gender, and colorism: Children in India use social category information to guide leadership cognition

Leadership, gender, and colorism: Children in India use social category information to guide leadership cognition

Boundaries and Crossings: Religious Fluidity in Twenty-first Century India

Religious orientations, prototypicality threat, and attitudes toward church–state separation

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