Indian Bunchy Top Disease of Tomato Plants is Caused by a Distinct Strain of Citrus Exocortis Viroid

Mishra, Maneesh; Hammond, Rosemarie W.; Owens, Robert A.; Smith, D. B.; Diener, T.O.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-1781

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The change C-+ U at nucleotide 232 (see double asterisk in Fig. 2b) has only been found in two unusual isolates recovered from grapevine (Garcia-Arenal et al, 1987) and tomato (Mishra et al, 1991). Changes U~A , A + C and G-+ A at nucleotides 234, 263 and 303, respectively have been reported in several other variants (Visvader et at., 1982;Visvader & Symons, 1983Semancik et al, 1993).…”

Section: Identification Of a C E V D Variant In Broad Beanmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Viroids are not commonly associated with epidemics in vegetable crops but a number of viroid-induced diseases have occasionally been reported in potato (Diener & Raymer, 1969), cucumber (Van Dorst & Peters, 1974) and tomato (Walter et al, 1980;Galindo et al, 1982;Mishra et al, 1991). The results of a recent survey demonstrated the presence of a new viroid in eggplant (Fagoaga et al, 1994) and several variants of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) in field-grown tomato, eggplant, carrot and turnip (C. Fagoaga, unpublished results).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis

Fagoaga

Semancik

Duran-Vila

1995

Journal of General Virology

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A viroid present in very low titres was isolated from symptomless field broad bean plants. It was identified as a variant of citrus exocortis viroid in the T2, V and C domains. Infection of several hosts resulted in a change in the composition of the viroid population. Serial passage through tomato and back to the host of origin, broad bean, resulted in major changes in replication efficiency, host range and pathogenicity. The unique nucleotide sequence differences identified in the original broad bean variant were not conserved after passage through alternative hosts. The effects of these sequence variations on viroid secondary structure result in nonpathogenic viroid variants which can remain unnoticed in certain plant species but may act as reservoirs of viroid disease.

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Section: Identification Of a C E V D Variant In Broad Beanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis

Fagoaga

Semancik

Duran-Vila

1995

Journal of General Virology

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“…However, the question remained, how could these viroids have spread among wild and remote pear trees scattered on difficult and man-inaccessible terrains? Other cases of spread of fruit viroids to new hosts include infection of cucumber with HSVd (29), CEVd to tomatoes (22) and to broad beans (7). The present work showed that feeding on viroid-infected plants did not result in CEVd transmission to healthy citrus plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Goat horns: Platforms for viroid transmission to fruit trees?

Cohen¹,

Batuman²,

Moskowits³

et al. 2005

Phytoparasitica

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Mechanical inoculations with contaminating tools and propagation of infected budwood were considered the main causes for the omnipresence of multiple viroid species among citrus and other Middle Eastern and Mediterranean fruit trees and grapevines. However, neither means could explain viroid infections of wild trees -scattered on terrains inaccessible to humansnor the finding of similar viroids among graft-incompatible plants. Northern hybridization of RNA extracts made of scrapings from the surfaces of goat (Capra hircus) horns that were rubbed against etrog (Citrus medica) stems infected with a citrus viroids complex, revealed accumulation of considerable amounts of Citrus exocortis viroids (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroids (HSVd). Experimental transmission of both CEVd and HSVd was obtained by rubbing healthy citrus plants with goat horns that had been rubbed 24 h earlier on infected etrog stems. These results implicate goats as possible vectors of viroids. Transmission via goats could have facilitated the long-range spread of viroids among cultivated and wild plants and vice versa and also among graft-incompatible plants.

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“…CEVd pode induzir diferentes tipos de sintomas que vão desde distorção e epinastia foliar, nanismo e necrose em tomateiro [doença conhecida por "bunchy top" (Mischra et al, 1991)], a uma total ausência de sintomas (latência) em berinjela, cenoura, videira e Vicia faba L. (Fagoaga & Duran-Vila, 1996;Garcia-Arenal et al, 1987;Gandía et al, 2007).…”

Section: Citrus Exocortis Viroid (Cevd)unclassified

Viroides em Citros

Eiras

Silva

Stuchi

et al. 2009

Trop. plant pathol.

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RESUMOOs viroides são os menores fitopatógenos conhecidos. Constituídos por uma molécula de RNA de fita simples, circular, que não é encapsidada e não codifica proteínas, são capazes de se replicar de maneira autônoma nas células do hospedeiro. Os viroides de citros pertencem à família Pospiviroidae (cujos membros apresentam uma região central conservada, replicam-se no núcleo das células hospedeiras e não apresentam atividade ribozimática) com cinco espécies: Citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd (Pospiviroid), Hop stunt viroid, HSVd (Hostuviroid), Citrus bark cracking viroid, CBCVd (Cocadviroid) e Citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd e Citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd (Apscaviroid). Além disso, Citrus viroid original source (CVd-OS) e mais recentemente, Citrus viroid V (CVd-V) foram propostas como espécies tentativas do gênero Apscaviroid. Os viroides de citros são transmitidos via enxertia e disseminados principalmente pela propagação de material contaminado. Sabe-se que os viroides de citros infectam praticamente todas as espécies do gênero Citrus e afins. Porém, há somente duas doenças importantes descritas em citros, induzidas por viroides: (i) a exocorte; (ii) e a xiloporose (ou cachexia). Apesar dos viroides induzirem sintomas severos, ou simplesmente afetarem o tamanho das árvores, muitas espécies de citros são assintomáticas, sendo o controle baseado em medidas preventivas, como utilização de gemas livres de viroides aliadas a métodos confiáveis de indexação. A proposta desta revisão é apresentar ao leitor os recentes avanços nas pesquisas com viroides de citros, principalmente na taxonomia, distribuição geográfica, métodos de detecção, limpeza e indexação, epidemiologia e controle, além do histórico e importância desses patógenos para a citricultura mundial. Palavras-chave: Citrus exocortis, Hop stunt, Pospiviroid, Apscaviroid, Cocadviroid, Hostuviroid, Exocorte, Xiloporose. ABSTRACT Viroids in CitrusViroids are the smallest known plant pathogens consisting of a non-encapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA that replicate autonomously in their host plants. Viroids are classified into two families (Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae). All citrus viroids belong to the Pospiviroidae family (species that present a central conserved region, replicate in the nucleus of infected cells and lack of ribozyme activity) with five citrus viroid species: Citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd (Pospiviroid), Hop stunt viroid, HSVd (Hostuviroid), Citrus bark cracking viroid, CBCVd (Cocadviroid) and Citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd and Citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd (Apscaviroid). In addition, Citrus viroid original source (CVd-OS) and, more recently, Citrus viroid V (CVd-V) have been proposed as tentative species of the genus Apscaviroid. Citrus viroids are graft-transmitted and their dissemination occurs mainly by propagation of contaminated material. It is known that they have a broad host range, infecting species of citrus and plants of citrus-related genera. Two important diseases in citrus are viroid-induced: (i) exocortis; (ii) and cachexia. ...

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Indian Bunchy Top Disease of Tomato Plants is Caused by a Distinct Strain of Citrus Exocortis Viroid

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis

A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis

Goat horns: Platforms for viroid transmission to fruit trees?

Viroides em Citros

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