India's National and Regional Innovation Systems: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations for Policy Makers

Technological Innovation Research in China and India: A Bibliometric Analysis for the Period 1991–2015

“…We find an absence of studies on institution-building, with the exception of one study on the challenges of venture capital development in the initial days (Pandey, 1998), and we suggest the need for more such studies to develop deeper historical and contextual understanding of innovation-related institution-building in the Indian context. Among the concerns raised about India's innovation capabilities are the lack of linkages between science and technology capabilities for development (Mouly & Sankaran, 1999), and challenges before India's innovation capacity at the national and regional level (Sharma, Nookala, & Sharma, 2012). Mytelka's (2006) study emphasizes the multiplicity of approaches to address the same concern (here bio/pharmaceutical innovation systems) and the interaction of different types of policies.…”

Obstacles to Small Innovative Companies' Development: Case Study of Nizhny Novgorod Region

“…In this unit the experts estimated the level of availability of financial resources for small innovative companies, how easy it is to get a grant or to find a private investor. Among the barriers in financial infrastructure it is possible to identify the lack of proprietor funds of project developers, the limited public funding (Doloreux, 2004;Kazakova et al, 2009;Madrid-Guijarro et al, 2009;Savignac, 2006;Sharma et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2007;Vermeulen, 2005;Xie et al, 2010), a small number of venture capitalists (Sharma et al, 2012), the high cost of new product development (Doloreux, 2004;Silva et al, 2007;Tourigny & Le, 2004).…”

“…In this block the experts were asked to evaluate the level of competence of the team of innovative projects, what kind of competences they lack, if they have problems with finding, attracting and retaining qualified staff. Among barriers in the sphere of education can be named the insufficient amount of special educational programs in the field of entrepreneurship and small innovative business development, low qualification of the personnel (Madrid-Guijarro et al, 2009;Tourigny & Le, 2004), low and, consequently, uncompetitive average earnings for researchers in the global market (Gutierrez & Correa, 2012), low quality of education, poor understanding of customer needs, the lack of knowledge on the development and commercialization of project management skills, skilled labor deficit (Doloreux, 2004;Kazakova et al, 2009;Sharma et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2007;Vermeulen, 2005;Xie et al, 2010).…”

“…Support services are more demanded by SMEs that is why we separately submit the following obstacles: lack of technical support and weakness in the technology market; insufficient government support (Huang & Chi, 2013;Madrid-Guijarro et al, 2009).In order to reduce risks and to support innovative companies we can see special infrastructure in the regions (from buildings to services) including technology support network. So, several scholars note the lack of regional infrastructure as a barrier to innovations (Scozzi et al;Sharma et al, 2012;Zeleny, 2012).…”

Credit History

“…Together, they account for 76 percent of the frequency distribution of India inventor addresses. These areas are also where technology business incubators (TBIs), science and technology entrepreneurs parks (STEPs), software technology parks of India (STPIs), and universities and research institutions tend to concentrate (Sharma, Nookala, and Sharma 2012).…”