Index of Mangrove Health Around the Ex-Bauxite Mining Area, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province

Abstract

There are several former bauxite mining areas on Bintan Island which until now have been left open and not managed properly. In Tanjungpinang, the location of the former bauxite mine is located around the mangrove forest ecosystem. The impact of bauxite mining that changes the structure, texture, and physical of the soil can interfere with the development of the root system and the growth of surrounding plants, including mangroves. Therefore, it is necessary to know the health condition of mangroves around the former bauxite mining area. The method used is a cluster plot by calculating the percentage of tree damage based on organ location, type, and level of damage. The results of the analysis show that the health condition of the mangrove forest in Tanjungpinang City is healthy (50,9%); slightly damaged (40,4%) and moderately damaged (8,8%). The locations of the organs that suffered the most damage were roots, lower and upper stems, and leaves. The most common type of damage found roots submerged in red mud; stems and leaves covered with dust and red sand; termite; broken stem; roots break and die; broken shoots; and the leaves change color. The greatest severity is found between 10% and 20%.

Healthy Index Level of Mangrove Forests around Sylvo-Ecotourism in Tanjungpiayu and Kabil, Batam Island

“…However, due to the absence of efforts to restore the ex-mining land, it resulted in physical damage in the form of erosion and red mud sedimentation along the beaches and mangrove forests. Apart from that, according to [9] , based on the level of environmental pollution, mangrove forests in Riau Island have experienced Pb and Cr metal contamination, although this has not yet increased to become a pollution case, while the environmental condition of mangrove forests based on the Geological Index has experienced environmental pollution. It is clear that this condition cannot be allowed to continue.…”

Mangrove area degradation and management strategies in Indonesia: A review

“…Environmental damage that occurs in land areas due to uncontrolled socio-economic and anthropogenic activities has a negative impact on damage to mangroves and coastal ecosystems (Yin et al, 2020). Various mining activities that are not environmentally friendly often cause the root system and leaves of mangroves to dry out and die (Azizah et al, 2021). The complexity of interests between sectors and the complexity of policies between ministries and institutions result in overlaps between regulations.…”