Independently Tunable Linearizer Based on Characteristic Self-Compensation of Amplitude and Phase

Peng, Hao; He, Shiyuan; You, Fei; Shi, Weimin; Peng, Jun; Li, Caoyu

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940722

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…• To eliminate the factor of high sampling rates and hardware complexities of black-box signal processors, effective [33], [34], [175], [206]- [208] [31], [209], [210] [35], [36] Array-Based APD [57], [176], [177], [199] LUT-Based DPD [76], [133], [138], [180], [181] Adaptive DPD [39], [60], [66], [100], [134], [182]- [191] For Standalone PA [66], [194]- [196] For MIMO Systems [38], [197] [57], [68], [192], [197]- [200] [52], [109], [192], [193], [201]- [205] Fig. 7.…”

Section: Summary and Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The next-generation (5G/6G) wireless communication aims to leapfrog the currently occupied sub-6 GHz spectrum to the wideband millimeter-wave (MMW) spectrum. However, MMW spectrums with high-order modulation schemes drive the power amplifier (PA) at significant back-off, causing severe nonlinear distortions, thus deteriorating the transceiver's (TRXs) modulation process. Typically, the TRX efficacy is quantified with standardized linearization matrices, which take advantage of different predistortion (PD) schemes to handle deep compression of the PA. In this regard, TRX baseband signals are mostly linearized in the digital domain, where digitally controlled linearization needs higher sampling rates due to increasing MMW bandwidths to compensate for intermodulation (IMD) products, resulting in increased system cost and power consumption. Alternately, the digitally controlled analog-based linearization, i.e., the hybridization of digital predistortion (DPD) and analog predistortion (APD), is highly productive and cost-effective for fulfilling the linearized energy-efficient design vision of MMW networks. Therefore, this paper puts an extensive spotlight on the progress in PD-based linearization for 5G and beyond communications. It first provides background information on the advancements of PD schemes through recent surveys, then classifies the general roadmap of PD waveform processing across the TRX system models as preliminary. After this, we present three prominent PD architectures and their design approaches with intrinsic performance metrics. Finally, we explore four case studies encompassing PD operation under certain nonlinear constraints of different communication schemes. We examine the suitability of PD-based linearization solutions, both existing and proposed till the first quarter of 2022, and identify the potential prospects in this domain.

show abstract

Section: Summary and Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4. APD units are inserted to adjust the PA nonlinear with a continuously tunable interface for AM-AM modulation [19]. The APD can directly adjust the RF nonlinear behavior of PA and has a low power consumption, so APD won't badly reduce the total efficiency, which will be discussed later.…”

Section: B the Uniformity Of Pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operation frequency of the APD board is 3.5 GHz, and the APD board has 300 MHz bandwidth, which allows wideband signal applications. Other details of the APD, such as design theory and layout, can be found in [19].…”

Section: ) Continuously Tunable Apdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analog Predistorter Averaged Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers in Hybrid Beam-Forming Multi-Input Multi-Output Transmitter

You

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For higher data throughput, the Massive Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) system has been widely used in modern communication systems. Due to the circuit size and power consumption, it is difficult to integrate one Radio Frequency (RF) chain for each power amplifier (PA). As a result, MIMO transmitters with hybrid beam-forming don't have enough RF chains, and this demands the digital predistortion (DPD) block to deal with several power amplifiers (PA) simultaneously, which causes a shared DPD problem. This paper presents an Analog Predistorter Averaged DPD (A 2-DPD) for hybrid beam-forming massive MIMO transmitters. To linearize more than one PAs with one shared digital predistortion unit, continuously tunable Analog Predistortion (APD) modules are employed to uniform the nonlinear behavior of PAs in each channel. Based on iterative learning control (ILC) technique, crossed normalized mean square error (CNMSE) is derived to judge the uniformity of PAs. By comparing the CNMSE of each PAs, the best similarity state of PAs can be found. The nonlinear behavior of PAs can be adjusted to a similar state by tuning the APD control voltage. The adjustment makes PAs easier to be linearized by a shared DPD. Furthermore, an averaged DPD algorithm is proposed to improve the total linearity performance for each PA. Simulations are performed to study the relationship between CNMSE and PA uniformity and further simulations show the ability of A 2-DPD to deal with a multi-PA scenario. In the end, to verify the feasibility of the proposed A 2-DPD, two class-AB PAs with operating frequency at 3.5 GHz with the same type transistor and similar design are tested. Experimental results show the proposed A 2-DPD can significantly improve the uniformity of PAs and the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) can be improved by 8 dB compared with using the DPD parameter of the other PA.

show abstract

“…Therefore, different linearization methods such as feedback, feedforward, digital predistortion, and analog predistortion technique 2‐6 are widely employed to improve the linear characteristics of TWTAs. Owing to its wideband operation, and high frequency, analog predistortion is commonly used in microwave and millimeter wave systems 7‐16 . Figure 1 shows the measured one‐tone AM/AM and AM/PM vs input power and frequency of a Q/V band TWTA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to its wideband operation, and high frequency, analog predistortion is commonly used in microwave and millimeter wave systems. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Figure 1 shows the measured one-tone AM/AM and AM/PM vs input power and frequency of a Q/V band TWTA. From Figure 1, we can see that the nonlinear characteristics of TWTA not only related to input power but also related to frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete analysis and design for a Q/V band (46‐52 GHz ) wideband analog predistorter

Bian

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article shows the complete analysis and design for a Q/V (46-52 GHz) band wideband analog predistorter (APD). First, the reflection coefficient for hybrid coupler's through port with complex impedance is corrected. Second, the acceptable error region is introduced to analyze the influence of different nonlinear loads. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is then used to solve the circuit parameters of the hybrid T matching network. Finally, a Q/V band (46-52 GHz) wideband APD is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in good agreement with the analysis results. Furthermore, the linearized traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTA) gain compression is less than 0.5 dB, and the phase change of TWTA after linearization is less than 4. The C/IM3 shows more than 10 dB improvement.

show abstract

Independently Tunable Linearizer Based on Characteristic Self-Compensation of Amplitude and Phase

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Analog Predistorter Averaged Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers in Hybrid Beam-Forming Multi-Input Multi-Output Transmitter

Complete analysis and design for a Q/V band (46‐52 GHz ) wideband analog predistorter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About