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2021
DOI: 10.4000/rfcb.8297
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Independent Labels in the 1980s: Between the Underground and the Mainstream

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“…Independent music emerged from challenges to the record industry's operating mode in the late 1970s, leading to the creation of an alternative market. In the UK, this new economic organisation was symbolised by a co-operative of British labels known as The Cartel, founded in 1977 and formalised in 1982 with the aim of establishing an extensive and alternative autonomous distribution network (Tranmer, 2021). Whilst all of the labels were created in an entrepreneurial spirit, it was more ideological than commercial (Bannister, 2006).…”
Section: Emergence (1977-1991)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Independent music emerged from challenges to the record industry's operating mode in the late 1970s, leading to the creation of an alternative market. In the UK, this new economic organisation was symbolised by a co-operative of British labels known as The Cartel, founded in 1977 and formalised in 1982 with the aim of establishing an extensive and alternative autonomous distribution network (Tranmer, 2021). Whilst all of the labels were created in an entrepreneurial spirit, it was more ideological than commercial (Bannister, 2006).…”
Section: Emergence (1977-1991)mentioning
confidence: 99%