Independent effects of obesity and insulin resistance on postprandial thermogenesis in men.

Segal, Karen R.; Albu, Jeanine; Chun, Alexander; Edaño, Albert; Legaspi, B; Pi-Sunyer, F X

doi:10.1172/jci115661

Cited by 72 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The observations of a delayed (0-30 min) response to a mixed meal, but no actual decrease in total PPT over 2 h, confirm previous observations in an insulinsensitive group with previous GDM (Robinson et al, 1994;Kousta et al, 2002). It is noteworthy that these women were matched in body composition, as PPT may be diminished in subjects with a greater percentage of body fat independent of insulin resistance (Segal et al, 1989(Segal et al, , 1992. The biological relevance of the initial PPT response is not known, but studies in women with more than two previous GDM pregnancies and NGT reveal diminished total PPT responses to a mixed meal (Robinson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In response to a mixed meal, PPT represents the energetic costs of storing glucose as glycogen, that is, nonoxidative glucose metabolism (Ravussin et al, 1985b), and of storing amino acids in protein (Flatt, 1978). When thermogenesis in response to glucose is measured in insulin-resistant states, in which there is diminished insulin-mediated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, glucose cannot enter these metabolic pathways, resulting in diminished glucose-induced thermogenesis (Astrup et al, 1987;Segal et al, 1992;Camastra et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to adrenaline in a group at risk for the development of type II diabetes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To analyze whether a decreased sensitivity to adrenaline in women with earlier gestational diabetes (GDM) explains the impairment in the thermogenic response to food ( ¼ post-prandial thermogenesis (PPT)) that is observed in these women at future risk of obesity and type II diabetes. Subjects/Methods: Ten normal-weight women with previous GDM and 10 controls matched for body weight, all with normal glucose tolerance, had insulin sensitivity, PPT and the thermogenic response to an adrenaline infusion measured. Results: Insulin sensitivity was similar in the previous GDM compared with control groups: (mean±s.e.m.) 29.1±3.2 vs 30.9 ± 1.6 mg/l/min. The early (0-30 min) PPT response was diminished and delayed in women with previous GDM compared with controls: (10±2 vs 15±1 kJ, P ¼ 0.04); time constant for PPT (median (interquartile range)) (57 (47-79) vs 29 (25-49) min, P ¼ 0.01). The overall PPT response and the thermogenic response to adrenaline were not significantly different between the groups. The 30 min and 2 h PPT response correlated positively and significantly with the increment in energy expenditure as a result of the adrenaline infusion (r ¼ þ 0.65; P ¼ 0.04 and r ¼ þ 0.71; P ¼ 0.02, respectively) in women with previous GDM only. There was no correlation between adrenaline and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: There is no evidence of diminished adrenaline sensitivity but a positive relationship exists between PPT and sensitivity to adrenaline in women with previous GDM. The mechanism is not mediated through insulin resistance. This relationship may predispose these normal-weight at-risk women to future weight gain.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to adrenaline in a group at risk for the development of type II diabetes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has previously been reported that impaired thermogenesis is associated with insulin resistance in obesity 46,47 A further study 48 demonstrated an independent effect of insulin resistance and obesity in producing blunted TEFs. In the present study, the irregular meal pattern failed to produce any significant differences in body weight in spite of Meal pattern as a factor influencing body weight HR Farshchi et al reduced dietary thermogenesis, but this was expected due to the short term of the intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the impact of irregular meal frequency on body weight, energy intake, appetite and resting energy expenditure in healthy lean women. DESIGN: Nine healthy lean women aged 18-42 y participated in a randomised crossover trial consisting of three phases over a total of 43 days. Subjects attended the laboratory at the start and end of phases 1 and 3. In Phase 1 (14 days), subjects were asked to consume similar things as normal, but either on 6 occasions per day (regular meal pattern) or follow a variable predetermined meal frequency (between 3 and 9 meals/day) with the same total number of meals over the week. In Phase 2 (14 days), subjects continued their normal diet as a wash-out period. In Phase 3 (14 days), subjects followed the alternative meal pattern to that followed in Phase 1. Subjects recorded their food intake for three predetermined days during the irregular period when they were eating 9, 3 and 6 meals/day. They also recorded their food intake on the corresponding days during the regular meal pattern period. Subjects fasted overnight prior to each laboratory visit, at which fasting resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Postprandial metabolic rate was then measured for 3 h after the consumption of a milkshake test meal (50% CHO, 15% protein and 35% fat of energy content). Subjects rated appetite before and after the test meal. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in body weight and 3-day mean energy intake between the regular and irregular meal pattern. In the irregular period, the mean energy intake on the day when 9 meals were eaten was significantly greater than when 6 or 3 meals were consumed (P ¼ 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the 3 days of the regular meal pattern. Subjective appetite measurement showed no significant differences before and after the test meal in all visits. Fasting RMR showed no significant differences over the experiment. The overall thermic effect of food (TEF) over the 3 h after the test meal was significantly lower after the irregular meal pattern (P ¼ 0.003). CONCLUSION: Irregular meal frequency led to a lower postprandial energy expenditure compared with the regular meal frequency, while the mean energy intake was not significantly different between the two. The reduced TEF with the irregular meal frequency may lead to weight gain in the long term.

show abstract

“…31 However,a few studies in obese adults have identi®ed a decreased rate of glucose storage due to insulin resistance as the likely cause for the decreased glucose-induced thermogenesis in these patients. 14,32 Moreover, in obese adults glucose intolerance, that is, hyperglycaemia, after an oral glucose load results primarily from decreased glucose storage. 33 In obese children, a relation between decreased food-induced thermogenesis and insulin resistance has been also speculated but not clearly demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the energy metabolism modi®cations induced by energy restriction and weight loss in massively obese adolescents. SUBJECTS: Ten massively obese girls (179 AE 31% of ideal body weight; age, 13.3 ± 16.4 y) after 2 ± 5 weeks on a lowenergy diet and 4.5 ± 11.5 months later, that is, after a substantial weight loss, and eight controls. MEASUREMENTS: Resting energy expenditure (REE) and carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after a sucrose load (by indirect calorimetry), plasma glucose and insulin before and after the sucrose load. RESULTS: After 2 ± 5 weeks on a low-energy diet, REE (7415 AE 904 kJad) was lower than the expected value calculated from the regression equation of REE on fat free mass in controls (P 0.005). After a 37 AE 17% reduction in excess weight, REE decreased (6405 AE 613 kJad) and remained lower than the expected value (P 0.005). At the early stages of weight loss, the area under the plasma glucose response curve was negatively correlated with CIT (r 7 0.80, P 0.01) and was higher in the six obese adolescents with low CIT than in the four with normal CIT (396 AE 52 vs 283 AE 26 mmol.l 71 .min 71 , P 0.01). After substantial weight loss, the area under the plasma insulin response curve decreased by 32% (P 0.02), and both CIT and the area under the plasma glucose response curve became similar in obese patients with low and normal CIT prior to weight loss. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that in massively obese adolescents, REE for fat-free mass is decreased at the very beginning of the process of losing weight and remains decreased as long as energy restriction and weight reduction carry on. They also indicate that the impaired CIT sometimes observed returns to normal after weight reduction suggesting that it is secondary to a decrease in glucose uptake induced by obesity-associated insulin resistance.

show abstract

Independent effects of obesity and insulin resistance on postprandial thermogenesis in men.

Cited by 72 publications

References 47 publications

The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to adrenaline in a group at risk for the development of type II diabetes

The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to adrenaline in a group at risk for the development of type II diabetes

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About