Independent determinants of periodontitis in Yemeni adults: A case‐control study

Abstract

Water pipe smoking is identified as a risk factor of periodontitis in this cohort in addition to globally known risk factors. Adjusted effect of qat chewing is limited to CAL scores, suggestive of association with recession.

Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers

“…However, studies analyzing the periodontal clinical data of ENSs are scarce. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, only 10 studies were published (Al-Alimi et al, 2018; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018; Bibars et al, 2015; Javed et al, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, et al, 2016; Khemiss et al, 2017; Malik et al, 2012; Mokeem et al, 2018; Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). The study designs and the characteristics of the involved subjects in the eight comparative studies are displayed in the Appendix (Table 1S).…”

“…The authors also stated that in the groups with PD, PI and GI were higher in nonsmokers (Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018). Finally, in a Yemeni population of adults aged 30–60 years (150 periodontitis cases and 150 healthy controls), narghile use was identified as a risk factor for periodontitis (OR between PI score and narghile use was 10.2; Al-Alimi et al, 2018). The divergence in conclusions can be related to some methodological limitations/differences, to diverse study designs (Berry, 1974; Mann, 2003), and to some characteristics of the included smokers (e.g., socioeconomic and/or schooling levels [Shafagoj, Mohammed, & Hadidi, 2002], geographical regions with a wide use of miswak [an antimicrobial agent used to prevent and to treat PDs; al-Otaibi, 2004] in Saudi Arabia), which may affect the outcomes.…”

“…At the time, the aforementioned systematic review included only five studies (Al-Belasy, 2004; Baljoon, Natto, Abanmy, & Bergström, 2005; Natto, Baljoon, Abanmy, & Bergström, 2004; Natto, Baljoon, & Bergström, 2005a, 2005b; Natto, Baljoon, Dahlén, & Bergström, 2005) with only two related to PD (Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). By the end of 2018, almost 10 studies had evaluated the effects of narghile use on the periodontium, and their results were controversial (Al-Alimi et al, 2018; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018; Bibars, Obeidat, Khader, Mahasneh, & Khabour, 2015; Javed et al, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, Ben Rejeb, & Ben Saad, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, & Ben Saad, 2017; Malik, Khan, Rahman, & Malik, 2012; Mokeem et al, 2018; Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). According to Malik et al (2012), the worst nightmare for narghile smokers is PD.…”

Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

“…The habit involves chewing fresh qat leaves on one side of the mouth and then storing this as a bolus in the buccal sulcus, mostly unilaterally, for several hours 2 . Long‐term qat chewing has been linked with several oral and dental effects including periodontal diseases, mucosal white lesions, teeth staining, xerostomia and plasma cell stomatitis 2‐4 . Additionally, qat chewing has been linked with masticatory muscles pain and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) 5‐7 …”

“…with several oral and dental effects including periodontal diseases, mucosal white lesions, teeth staining, xerostomia and plasma cell stomatitis. [2][3][4] Additionally, qat chewing has been linked with masticatory muscles pain and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). [5][6][7] Temporomandibular joint disorders are a spectrum of joint and muscular disorders of the cranio-oro-facial area, with a high prevalence among the general population.…”