Independent component model of the default-mode brain function: Assessing the impact of active thinking

Esposito, Fabrizio; Bertolino, Alessandro; Scarabino, Tommaso; Latorre, Valeria; Blasi, Giuseppe; Popolizio, Teresa; Tedeschi, Gioacchino; Cirillo, S.; Goebel, Rainer; Salle, Francesco Di

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.06.012

Cited by 223 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This component also showed a differential modulation of activity by trial categories (F 5,60 4.21, P ϭ 0.002), and the largest deactivations were seen to be incompatible correct trials, which was slightly more consistent for fast (t 12 Ϫ11.03; P Ͻ 0.001) than slow (t 12 Ϫ9.21; P Ͻ 0.001) response times. This finding fits well with the observation that the hemodynamic signal is decreased in the DMN during cognitively demanding tasks (25), which has been linked to decreased metabolic activity (46). A linear trend of reduced deactivation of IC 4 preceded errors from trial T Ϫ6 through T Ϫ1 (t 12 ϭ 2.42, P ϭ 0.03) and reached a significant difference from zero mean at the trial preceding the error T Ϫ1 (t 12 ϭ 2.39, P ϭ 0.03).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Also, anticorrelations between the DMN and regions relevant in diverse cognitive operations have been observed with functional connectivity analysis of fMRI data (2,20,21). The DMN is consistently extracted with other data-driven analysis techniques such as independent component analysis (ICA) of fMRI data recorded during relaxed resting (22), discrete sensory stimulation (23), continuous natural stimulation (24), and task performance (25). Additionally, the DMN has been linked to features in resting-state (26,27) and event-related EEG (28).…”

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confidence: 90%

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Prediction of human errors by maladaptive changes in event-related brain networks

Eichele

Debener

Calhoun

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

430

393

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Humans engaged in monotonous tasks are susceptible to occasional errors that may lead to serious consequences, but little is known about brain activity patterns preceding errors. Using functional MRI and applying independent component analysis followed by deconvolution of hemodynamic responses, we studied error preceding brain activity on a trial-by-trial basis. We found a set of brain regions in which the temporal evolution of activation predicted performance errors. These maladaptive brain activity changes started to evolve Ϸ30 sec before the error. In particular, a coincident decrease of deactivation in default mode regions of the brain, together with a decline of activation in regions associated with maintaining task effort, raised the probability of future errors. Our findings provide insights into the brain network dynamics preceding human performance errors and suggest that monitoring of the identified precursor states may help in avoiding human errors in critical real-world situations.deconvolution ͉ performance monitoring ͉ default mode ͉ frontal lobe H uman behavior may be strongly determined by the ongoing intrinsic dynamics of regional brain networks (1-3). Although it is conceivable that patterns of brain activity preceding action execution are causally responsible for the behavioral outcome, previous research of human performance monitoring typically focused on brain activity evoked by and occurring after behavioral errors and the ensuing adaptive compensatory mechanisms (4-6). It is not known yet how far ahead in time the state of cortical brain networks impacts on behavioral performance; some EEG and functional MRI (fMRI) evidence exists suggesting that activity in the preceding trial foreshadows subsequent errors but not earlier than that (7-10). The present study investigated this question by means of a single-trial analysis of event-related independent components (IC) in fMRI data during a visual task requiring rapid responses.We analyzed patterns of evoked brain activity across trials that preceded erroneous behavior and may thus be instrumental in causing errors. Errors in this simple repetitive forced-choice task in a controlled setting may principally have two mutually nonexclusive causes: One source of errors consists simply of random failures to implement the correct behavior, which may be generated by momentary fluctuations in neural activity during stimulus processing and response selection in a given trial (1, 11). Although it is possible to make predictions about adaptive behavior in trials succeeding an error, it would be largely impossible in this condition to anticipate future errors from current brain states. Another possibility is that a proportion of errors may be caused by a systematic maladjustment in cognitive control systems that develops more slowly over time, and which thus affords a prediction about future behavior, in particular the likelihood of an erroneous response from analyzing trends in the history of activity across trials. Models of cognitive control propose a p...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Prediction of human errors by maladaptive changes in event-related brain networks

Eichele

Debener

Calhoun

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

430

393

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The activation found in the medial/anterior PFC may reflect, however, default-mode network (DMN) activity (Raichle, 2010). A linear decrease in activation of the midline DMN regions has been observed with increasing task difficulty and working memory demands (Esposito et al, 2006;Sambataro et al, 2010). Our study supports the position that the deactivation observed in this region is task induced; there is a linear decrease in activation from SearchPhase1 up to Discovery, a period over which the number of instances and hypotheses grows; there is also a correlation between activation in this region and RT during Discovery trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Rule Acquisition and Rule Following in Inductive Reasoning

Crescentini¹,

Seyed-Allaei²,

Pisapia³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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Despite the recent interest in the neuroanatomy of inductive reasoning processes, the regional specificity within prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the different mechanisms involved in induction tasks remains to be determined. In this study, we used fMRI to investigate the contribution of PFC regions to rule acquisition (rule search and rule discovery) and rule following. Twenty-six healthy young adult participants were presented with a series of images of cards, each consisting of a set of circles numbered in sequence with one colored blue. Participants had to predict the position of the blue circle on the next card. The rules that had to be acquired pertained to the relationship among succeeding stimuli. Responses given by subjects were categorized in a series of phases either tapping rule acquisition (responses given up to and including rule discovery) or rule following (correct responses after rule acquisition). Mid-dorsolateral PFC (mid-DLPFC) was active during rule search and remained active until successful rule acquisition. By contrast, rule following was associated with activation in temporal, motor, and medial/anterior prefrontal cortex. Moreover, frontopolar cortex (FPC) was active throughout the rule acquisition and rule following phases before a rule became familiar. We attributed activation in mid-DLPFC to hypothesis generation and in FPC to integration of multiple separate inferences. The present study provides evidence that brain activation during inductive reasoning involves a complex network of frontal processes and that different subregions respond during rule acquisition and rule following phases.

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“…Finally, although estimation of DMN may be more optimal during non complex cognitive tasks (Esposito et al, 2006), some studies have reported similar spatial extent of DMN during rest and during variously demanding cognitive tasks Smith et al, 2009). Moreover, Calhoun et al (2008) found similar results during rest and during an oddball task when comparing results between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Olanzapine is Associated with Modulation of the Default Mode Network in Patients with Schizophrenia

Sambataro

Blasi

Fazio

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Earlier studies have shown widespread alterations of functional connectivity of various brain networks in schizophrenia, including the default mode network (DMN). The DMN has also an important role in the performance of cognitive tasks. Furthermore, treatment with second-generation antipsychotic drugs may ameliorate to some degree working memory (WM) deficits and related brain activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with olanzapine monotherapy on functional connectivity among brain regions of the DMN during WM. Seventeen patients underwent an 8-week prospective study and completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment during the performance of the N-back WM task. To control for potential repetition effects, 19 healthy controls also underwent two fMRI scans at a similar time interval. We used spatial group-independent component analysis (ICA) to analyze fMRI data. Relative to controls, patients with schizophrenia had reduced connectivity strength within the DMN in posterior cingulate, whereas it was greater in precuneus and inferior parietal lobule. Treatment with olanzapine was associated with increases in DMN connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but not in posterior regions of DMN. These results suggest that treatment with olanzapine is associated with the modulation of DMN connectivity in schizophrenia. In addition, our findings suggest critical functional differences in the regions of DMN.

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Independent component model of the default-mode brain function: Assessing the impact of active thinking

Cited by 223 publications

References 19 publications

Prediction of human errors by maladaptive changes in event-related brain networks

Prediction of human errors by maladaptive changes in event-related brain networks

Mechanisms of Rule Acquisition and Rule Following in Inductive Reasoning

Treatment with Olanzapine is Associated with Modulation of the Default Mode Network in Patients with Schizophrenia

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