Independent component analysis classification of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra

Forni, O.; Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.; Wiens, R. C.; Cousin, A.; Clegg, S. M.; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste; Lasue, J.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2013.05.003

Cited by 70 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] They can be more robust to matrix effects because they use most of the available information. Multivariate methods are much more computationally intensive than the univariate method.…”

Section: High-level Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

Maurice

Clegg

Wiens

et al. 2016

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

150

111

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At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol 800, more than 188 000 LIBS spectra were acquired on more than 5800 points distributed over about 650 individual targets. We present a comprehensive review of ChemCam scientific accomplishments during that period, together with a focus on the lessons learned from the first use of LIBS in space. For data processing, we describe new tools that had to be developed to account for the uniqueness of Mars data. With regard to chemistry, we present a summary of the composition range measured on Mars for major-element oxides (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO T , MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O) based on various multivariate models, with associated precisions.ChemCam also observed H, and the non-metallic elements C, O, P, and S, which are usually difficult to quantify with LIBS. F and Cl are observed through their molecular lines. We discuss the most relevant LIBS lines for detection of minor and trace elements (Li, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). These results were obtained thanks to comprehensive ground reference datasets, which are set to mimic the expected mineralogy and chemistry on Mars. With regard to the first use of LIBS in space, we analyze and quantify, often for the first time, each of the advantages of using stand-off LIBS in space: no sample preparation, analysis within its petrological context, dust removal, sub-millimeter scale investigation, multi-point analysis, the ability to carry out statistical surveys and whole-rock analyses, and rapid data acquisition.We conclude with a discussion of ChemCam performance to survey the geochemistry of Mars, and its valuable support of decisions about selecting where and whether to make observations with more time and resource-intensive tools in the rover's instrument suite. In the end, we present a bird's-eye view of Cite this:

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Section: High-level Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

Maurice

Clegg

Wiens

et al. 2016

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

150

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A cluster analysis of the spectra based on an independent components analysis (ICA) (33,34) and chemical quantification obtained with a partial least-squares technique known as PLS2 (34)(35)(36) revealed that the soils observed during the first 90 sols at Gale crater follow a compositional trend between two major end members: a mafic component (cluster 1 or "mafic type"), and an alkali-, aluminum-, and silica-rich component (cluster 2 or "felsic type"). Cluster analysis reveals that two main groups of targets are indeed discriminated by their Si, Al, and Na components ( Fig.…”

Section: Soil Chemical Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars

Meslin

Gasnault

Forni

et al. 2013

Science

222

200

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International audienceThe ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration

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“…PLS-DA has also been applied to the classification of LIBS data [45,46]. In addition, one should also notice other multivariate methods of classification such as independent component analysis (ICA) [47], support vector machine (SVM) [48,49], artificial neural networks (ANN) [50], hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) [50], soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) [51], and the method of the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) [52].…”

Section: Identification and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good practices in LIBS analysis: Review and advices

Haddad

Canioni

Bousquet

2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

264

109

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International audienceThis paper presents a review on the analytical results obtained by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In the first part, results on identification and classification of samples are presented including the risk of misclas-sification, and in the second part, results on concentration measurement based on calibration are accompanied with significant figures of merit including the concept of accuracy. Both univariate and multivariate approaches are discussed with special emphasis on the methodology, the way of presenting the results and the assessment of the methods. Finally, good practices are proposed for both classification and concentration measurement

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Independent component analysis classification of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra

Cited by 70 publications

References 19 publications

ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars

Good practices in LIBS analysis: Review and advices

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