Independent association of severe vitamin D deficiency as a risk of acute myocardial infarction in Indians

Abstract

This study reveals high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among cases of acute MI and controls from India, with levels of 25 (OH)D being significantly lower among cases. Despite rampant hypovitaminosis, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with acute MI after adjusting for conventional risk factors. This association needs to be tested in larger studies in different regions of the country.

Lower Vitamin D Metabolites Levels Were Associated With Increased Coronary Artery Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in India

“…Maximum percentage of healthy subjects have normal range (30–40 ng/ml) of 25(OH)D i.e., within optimum levels. Our results differ from the other Indian studies where maximum number of people were vitamin D deficient7891011121314151617. This difference might be due to the use of different kind of detection methods.…”

“…As per the previous literature, in Indian subjects prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 70–100%, despite living in the 8.4° to 37.6° north latitude and sufficient sunlight exposure throughout the year in most of the places91011121314151617. Unlike previous studies, our study found that 83% of control subjects were vitamin D sufficient i.e., more than 30 ng/ml 25(OH)D levels and only 13% subjects were insufficient i.e., below <20 ng/ml.…”

“…In the last decade, researchers observed that lower vitamin D levels were associated with metabolic diseases like type 1 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer678. Many studies reported that Indian subjects are more prone to vitamin D deficiency despite the availability of abundant sunshine throughout the year in many parts of India91011121314151617. Although, there are some studies from Indian population but none of these studies looked into the association of vitamin D metabolites with coronary artery diseases coexisting with type 2 diabetes.…”

Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Analysis of 478 subjects diagnosed with acute MI showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all seasons, though lower in summer than winter [6]. Low plasma vitamin D levels are independently associated with poor outcomes in the hospital and 1-year follow-up in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [49] and acute MI patients [50]. Further, hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for CVD and serum vitamin D has an inverse association with the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, triglycerides, and a positive association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL).…”

Impact of Aqueous/Ethanolic Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) Fruit Extract Supplementation on Vitamin D Stability in Yoghurt

“…Vitamin D is susceptible to degradation and the extent depends on storage conditions such temperature, light and humidity, which is due to oxidation of the conjugate double bond (Grady and Thakker, 1980;LI and MIN, 1998). Vitamin D deficiency is prevailing even in countries with sufficient sunshine due to their socioeconomic constraints that prevent people to expose themselves to sunlight and to consume vitamin D rich food (Roy et al, 2015;Wayse et al, 2004). In that case, fortification of vitamin D in food becomes compulsion for healthy life.…”