Independent and Interactive Association of Blood Antioxidants and Oxidative Damage in Elderly People

Abstract

Oxidative stress is recognized as one of the major contributors to the increased risk of several diseases. Many recent population studies have established a close link between antioxidant defense and lowered risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer and heart disease, but little is known about the cooperative interactions of antioxidants. We examined the cross-sectional independent and interactive association of serum lipid-soluble antioxidant levels and free radical scavenging enzymes to serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as a marker of oxidative damage. The participants were 160 nonsmoker institutionalized elderly. Upper tertile values of erythrocyte-superoxide-dismutase (E-SOD) constituted the strongest-associated single compound with a 74% decreased risk of high MDA. Upper tertiles of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol independently showed a similar lowering of risk of about 57%. The highest tertiles of lycopene and either beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol simultaneously reveal a higher decreased risk for oxidative damage (74 and 71%, respectively), very similar to those in the upper tertiles of all these three vitamins (75%). This study represents one of the few attempts to date to understand the interactive effect between antioxidants and suggests that lipid-soluble antioxidants act not individually, but rather cooperatively with each other. The efficacy of this interaction is more effective when lycopene is present.

Exercise modulation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC): towards a molecular signature of healthy aging

“…The increased oxidative/nitrosative stresses found in aging animals and humans have been linked to peroxidative damage to lipids, DNA, proteins and carbohydrates as well increased levels of SOD and CAT, and impairment of the total antioxidant capacity (İnal et al 2001;Lasheras et al 2002;Mutlu-Türkoǧlu et al 2003;Rizvi and Maurya 2007;Dayhoff-Brannigan et al 2008;Alexandrova and Bochev 2009). In fact, excessive production of hydrogen peroxide is very harmful to aging muscles.…”

The influence of the serum vitamin C levels on oxidative stress biomarkers in elderly women

“…Reduced GSH is usually located in the red blood cells while its concentration is low in extracellular fluids [26]. On the other hand, MDA is a major product of the free radical attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids and it is widely used as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation [27] indicating the extent of cell membrane injury [28]. In addition, PCO is the most used biomarker for protein oxidative damage, and it reflects the cellular damage induced by multiple forms of ROS [29,30].…”

Therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) for resolution of inflammation

“…Under conditions of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as an endogenous cellular defense system that degrades superoxide (O 2 -) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, with the latter being further detoxifi ed by glutathione peroxidase or catalase. There is accumulating evidence that exogenous SOD has therapeutic potential in critical care medicine for the treatment of neutrophil-mediated infl ammation [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. It has been suggested that SOD mainly balances the production of excess superoxide anions or radical species [10,11,15].…”