Independent and combined effects of cognitive and physical activity on incident MCI

Hughes, Tiffany F.; Becker, James T.; Lee, Ching-Wen; Chang, Chung‐Chou H.; Ganguli, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.007

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Despite the fact that there exists no strong evidence of cognitive activity on brain health, cognitive activity is often found, in large-scale longitudinal surveys, to be a stronger, even the sole, predictor of cognitive decline and incident dementia when compared with physical and social activity [ 81 , 85 – 88 ], although there are exceptions [ 89 – 91 ]. As individuals who are physically active also tend to be intellectually active [ 92 ], the effect of physical activity may be difficult to parse out from the effect of cognitive activity.…”

Section: Cognitive Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities

Cheng

2016

Curr Psychiatry Rep

242

211

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Purpose of ReviewThe article discusses the two most significant modifiable risk factors for dementia, namely, physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity, and their effects on developing cognitive reserve.Recent FindingsBoth of these leisure-time activities were associated with significant reductions in the risk of dementia in longitudinal studies. In addition, physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, is associated with less age-related gray and white matter loss and with less neurotoxic factors. On the other hand, cognitive training studies suggest that training for executive functions (e.g., working memory) improves prefrontal network efficiency, which provides support to brain functioning in the face of cognitive decline.SummaryWhile physical activity preserves neuronal structural integrity and brain volume (hardware), cognitive activity strengthens the functioning and plasticity of neural circuits (software), thus supporting cognitive reserve in different ways. Future research should examine whether lifestyle interventions incorporating these two domains can reduce incident dementia.

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Section: Cognitive Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities

Cheng

2016

Curr Psychiatry Rep

242

211

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“…A randomized controlled trial in healthy older adults reported that the effect of cognitive training was not affected by whether it was combined with physical training, and suggested that cognitive activity is more effective than physical activity in maintaining cognitive function . In contrast, an observational study examined the combined effect of physical and cognitive activity on the incidence of mild cognitive impairment, and suggested that physical activity played a crucial role in suppressing cognitive decline, and cognitive activity further enhanced this effect . Owing to the little evidence available, further studies are required to verify that engaging in CAS is sufficient to maintain cognition independently of physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…27 In contrast, an observational study examined the combined effect of physical and cognitive activity on the incidence of mild cognitive impairment, and suggested that physical activity played a crucial role in suppressing cognitive decline, and cognitive activity further enhanced this effect. 28 Owing to the little evidence available, further studies are required to verify that engaging in CAS is sufficient to maintain cognition independently of physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We thank the Obu City and Midori Ward office for their assistance with participant recruitment. This study was supported by The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Project for Optimizing Long-Term Care) (B-3), The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Research Funding for Longevity Sciences) (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), Strategic Basic Research Programs (RISTEX Redesigning Communities for Aged Society), Japan Science and Technology Agency, and JSPS KAKENHI (Early-Career Scientists) (JP18K17995).…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive activity in a sitting position is protectively associated with cognitive impairment among older adults

Kurita

Doi

Tsutsumimoto

et al. 2018

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim Previous studies have obtained inconsistent results regarding the association between sedentary behavior and cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to examine the association between cognitive activity in a sitting position (CAS) and cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods Community‐dwelling older adults, from Obu or Nagoya in Japan, participated in a survey in 2013. A total of 5300 participants (mean age 75.0 ± 5.1 years; women 52.9%) met the criteria for the present study. We assessed the frequency and variety of CAS composed of six activities, including reading books or newspapers, writing a diary or letters, solving crossword puzzles, playing board games, using a computer and maintaining housekeeping records. The frequency of engagement in CAS was one or more time(s)/week. The variety of CAS was assessed by the number of engagements in CAS. Cognitive impairment was defined by two or more tests at least 1.5 standard deviations below the reference threshold in four neuropsychological tests. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the associations between the frequency and variety of CAS and cognitive impairment, adjusted for covariates. Results The proportion of participants engaging in each CAS varied from 12.3% (playing board games) to 93.6% (reading books or newspaper). After adjustment, five CAS were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.33–0.65, all P < 0.001). The variety of CAS was significantly associated with the reduced OR of cognitive impairment (OR 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.68). Conclusions Almost every CAS and a greater variety of CAS are associated with cognitive impairment among older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 98–102.

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“…[61][62][63][64] According to prospective cohort study of random sample of 864 elders in southeast Pennsylvania, the risk of incident MCI was lowest when physical and cognitive exercises were combined; this combination was associated with an 80% risk reduction in MCI. 65 However, when the 2 categories were studied individually, only physical activity had a significant effect on decreasing the incidence of MCI. Thus, physical activity can be considered at present to be a primary neuroprotective factor and cognitive exercise secondary protective measure.…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Management of Dementia in Parkinson Disease

Safarpour

Willis

2016

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

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The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD) will increase substantially, due to the aging of the population and improved treatments leading to better disease-related outcomes. Dementia is the most common nonmotor symptom in PD, and most patients with PD will have cognitive dysfunction and cognitive decline in the course of their disease. The development of cognitive dysfunction in PD greatly limits the ability to participate in activities of daily living and can be a tipping point for nursing home placement or major caregiver stress. Understanding the different causes of dementia and how to reduce the incidence and impact of secondary cognitive dysfunction in PD are necessary skills for primary care physicians and neurologists. In this review, we discuss the clinical epidemiology of dementia in PD with an emphasis on preventable cognitive dysfunction, present tools for outpatient evaluation of cognitive dysfunction, and describe current pharmacological treatments for dementia in PD.

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Independent and combined effects of cognitive and physical activity on incident MCI

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities

Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities

Cognitive activity in a sitting position is protectively associated with cognitive impairment among older adults

Clinical Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Management of Dementia in Parkinson Disease

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