Indaziflam Enhances Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) Control from Postemergence Herbicides

Abstract

Buckhorn plantain is a perennial weed in turfgrass and efficacy of POST herbicides is often inconsistent for control in spring. Indaziflam is a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor used for PRE control of annual weeds in turf and applications have shown to be injurious to established buckhorn plantain. The objectives of this research were to evaluate (1) effects of indaziflam application rate and placement on buckhorn plantain injury; (2) effects of tank-mixing indaziflam with POST herbicides for buckhorn plantain control; and (3) physiological effects of indaziflam on absorption and translocation of14C-2,4-D in buckhorn plantain. In greenhouse experiments, indaziflam reduced buckhorn plantain shoot mass 61 to 75% from the nontreated at 4 wk after treatment (WAT) and hierarchical rank of application placements were: foliar + soil ≥ soil ≥ foliar. Differences in biomass reduction from application rates (27.5 and 55 g ai ha−1) were not detected. In field experiments, indaziflam at 55 g ha−1controlled buckhorn plantain 34% at 9 WAT but enhanced the speed of control from all herbicides tested in tank mixtures. Exclusive applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-D + dicamba + MCPP provided poor control (< 70%) of buckhorn plantain at 9 WAT, but tank mixtures with indaziflam provided 81 and 98% control, respectively. Fluroxypyr and simazine alone controlled buckhorn plantain < 38% but tank mixtures with indaziflam enhanced control more than twice as much from exclusive applications. Tank-mixing indaziflam with metsulfuron did not improve control from metsulfuron alone after 9 wk. Bermudagrass injury was not detected from any treatment. In laboratory experiments,14C-2,4-D absorption and translocation in buckhorn plantain was similar with or without indaziflam tank mixtures at 72 and 168 h after treatment. Overall, indaziflam may improve buckhorn plantain control from POST herbicides by providing additive phytotoxicity in tank mixtures in spring.

Effects of Temperature on Seed Germination of Plantago lanceolata and Management in Carya illinoinensis Production

“…Even though these data are limited to one season and one population, they are similar to other research on P. lanceolata using the same collection methods [11,13,20,21]. Seed mass, size, and germination response were similar to that which has been previously reported for P. lanceolata [20].…”

“…These data indicate that for optimum P. lanceolata control in C. illinoinensis , an October application with indaziflam would be most beneficial and the addition of 2,4-D is needed to enhance control to 90%, and as has been previously reported [13]. Halosulfuron did not provide adequate control, as reported in regards to other sulfonylurea herbicides exhibiting varying levels of P. lanceolata control [24].…”

“…In the southeastern USA, P. lanceolata establishes in the autumn and continues to grow throughout the winter months, with increased foliar and taproot growth, and seed reproduction in the spring. Seed is spread as a mechanism of proliferation, similar to what occurs in turf settings [13]. It is well adapted to non-cultivated areas such as C. illinoinensis groves from roadside areas.…”

“…Registered pre-emergent herbicides that provide residual control in C. illinoinensis include indaziflam, simazine, and halosulfuron-methyl [15]. Combinations of 2,4-D with residual herbicides post-emergent have been shown to increase P. lanceolata control in turfs [13]. The inclusion of the residual herbicides indaziflam, simazine, or halosulfuron-methyl in conjunction with post-emergent applications of 2,4-D may provide the control needed to manage P. lanceolata while also complying with necessary pre-harvest interval requirements.…”

Differential Tolerance of Clones of Eucalyptus grandis Exposed to Drift of the Herbicides Carfentrazone-Ethyl and Glyphosate

“…In areas with constant glyphosate application there are several reports of weeds resistant to this molecule mainly due to the selection pressure (Neve et al, 2003;Duke and Powles, 2008;Powles, 2008;Beckie, 2011;Norsworthy et al, 2011;Green, 2012;Shaner et al, 2009). In this context, the mixture of herbicides with distinct mechanisms of action, but with a synergistic effect, increases the spectrum of action and considerably improves control efficiency (Kumar and Jha, 2015;McCullough et al 2015;Walsh et al, 2014Walsh et al, , 2015. Because it presents a desirable efficiency on glyphosate-resistant weeds, such as Commelina spp.…”