Incubation Period for Neuroinvasive Toscana Virus Infections

Laroche, Lison; Jourdain, Frédéric; Ayhan, Nazlı; Bañuls, Anne‐Laure; Charrel, Rémi N.; Prudhomme, Jorian

doi:10.3201/eid2712.203172

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Toscana virus transmission dynamics within sand fly vectors and vertebrate hosts, including proven and suspected transmission routes, animals identified positive for TOSV-specific antibodies suspected but not identified as reservoirs, and incubation period estimates within the vector (EIP: Extrinsic Incubation Period) and the human neuroinvasive host (IIP: Intrinsic Incubation Period) (7,8,59–62,10,13,14,54–58). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand flies and Toscana virus: intra-vector infection dynamics and impact onPhlebotomus perniciosuslife-history traits

Laroche,

Bañuls,

Charrel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Toscana virus (TOSV) is a leading cause of summer viral meningitis in central Italy and south of France, and can cause severe neurological cases. Within the Mediterranean basin, it is transmitted by hematophagous sand flies belonging to thePhlebotomusgenus. Despite the identification of the primary TOSV vectors, the virus’s developmental cycle in vector species remains largely unknown. Limited research has been conducted on transmission dynamics and the vectorial competence and capacity of the principal TOSV vector,Phlebotomus perniciosus. In this context, we investigated the intra-vector TOSV infection dynamics inPh. perniciosus, as well as its impact on the vector’s life history traits. Female sand flies were experimentally infected with TOSV though an artificial blood meal. Systemic dissemination of the virus was observed approximately three days post-infection, potentially resulting in a shorter extrinsic incubation period. Moreover, the study revealed a longer hatching time for eggs laid by infected females. This research not only confirmed the vector competence ofPh. perniciosusbut also provided the first insight into TOSV’s developmental cycle and its impact on the vector. These findings prompt further exploration of TOSV transmission dynamics, raise new hypotheses on the virus transmission and highlight the importance of follow-up studies.Author summaryToscana virus (TOSV) is a reemerging sandfly-borne virus causing neuroinvasive infections in humans. This virus is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, with a potential risk of introduction in northern Europe and Asia. Despite decades of research, few studies have focused on the development cycle of TOSV in sand flies and the dynamics of transmission. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the intra-vector dynamics of TOSV infection and its impact on both vector biology and transmission. Through experimental infections of the major vectorPhlebotomus perniciosus, we not only confirmed vector competence but also provided the first insight into the TOSV developmental cycle in the vector by estimating the extrinsic incubation period at six days. Our study reveals an impact of TOSV infection on vector hatching time leading to a delayed emergence of infected sand flies, with a potential impact on transmission. Our findings encourage further exploration of transmission dynamics, raise new hypotheses on alternative transmission pathways, and emphasize the importance of follow-up studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand flies and Toscana virus: intra-vector infection dynamics and impact onPhlebotomus perniciosuslife-history traits

Laroche,

Bañuls,

Charrel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The most important species of sandfly-borne phleboviruses is the Toscana virus, able to infect central and peripheral nervous systems causing meningitis and encephalitis [9,42]. Even if other infections are asymptomatic, or generally associated with flu-like symptoms, new pheleboviruses are continuously found, evidencing a possible eruption of diseases not yet reported in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melittin-Related Peptides Interfere with Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Infection by Interacting with Heparan Sulphate

Chianese,

Zannella,

Palma

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Emerging viruses pose an important global public health challenge, and early action is needed to control their spread. The Bunyaviridae family contains a great number of arboviruses which are potentially pathogenic for humans. For example, phleboviruses affect a large range of hosts, including humans and animals. Some infections usually have an asymptomatic course, but others lead to severe complications, such as Toscana virus, which is able to cause meningitis and encephalitis. Unfortunately, to date, no vaccines or antiviral treatments have been found. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of melittin-related peptides, namely the frog-derived RV-23 and AR-23, on sandfly fever Naples virus infection in vitro. Both peptides exhibited a strong antiviral activity by targeting the viral particles and blocking the virus–cell interaction. Their action was directed to an early phase of SFNV infection, in particular at viral adsorption on host cells, by interfering with the binding of common glycosaminoglycan receptors. Given the better antimicrobial behavior of AR-23 and RV-23 compared to melittin in terms of selectivity, our studies expand our understanding of the potential of these peptides as antimicrobials and stimulate further investigations in the direction of novel antiviral strategies against phlebovirus infection.

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“…In comparison, a previous study showed a higher seroprevalence (>45%) in a northern region in Algeria [11] . In reality, the diagnosis of TOSV infection is undoubtedly underestimated and limited to a few laboratories [24] . One of the primary reasons is that the infection is mostly asymptomatic [5] , leading to unreported cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Toscana Virus in Algerian Patients Displaying Neurological Infection, 2016–2018

Benbetka¹,

Hachid²,

Benallal³

et al. 2023

IJID Regions

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Incubation Period for Neuroinvasive Toscana Virus Infections

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Sand flies and Toscana virus: intra-vector infection dynamics and impact onPhlebotomus perniciosuslife-history traits

Sand flies and Toscana virus: intra-vector infection dynamics and impact onPhlebotomus perniciosuslife-history traits

Melittin-Related Peptides Interfere with Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Infection by Interacting with Heparan Sulphate

Epidemiology, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Toscana Virus in Algerian Patients Displaying Neurological Infection, 2016–2018

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