Incubation

Drent, R.H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-249405-5.50014-8

Cited by 254 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Relative humidity was controlled by adjusting an open water surface in the warm-and cool-air sources. Eggs lost an average 11% of their initial mass over a projected 14-d incubation period, which is within the range considered optimal (10%-12%) for proper development (Rahn and Ar 1974;Drent 1975). Mass loss did not differ between the three chambers ( ).…”

Section: Artificial Incubationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Periodic Cooling of Bird Eggs Reduces Embryonic Growth Efficiency

Olson

Vleck

2006

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

170

157

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For many bird embryos, periodic cooling occurs when the incubating adult leaves the nest to forage, but the effects of periodic cooling on embryo growth, yolk use, and metabolism are poorly known. To address this question, we conducted incubation experiments on eggs of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that were frequently cooled and then rewarmed or were allowed to develop at a constant temperature. After 12 d of incubation, embryo mass and yolk reserves were less in eggs that experienced periodic cooling than in controls incubated constantly at 37.5C. Embryos that regularly cooled to 20C had higher mass-specific metabolic rates than embryos incubated constantly at 37.5C. Periodic cooling delayed development and increased metabolic costs, reducing the efficiency with which egg nutrients were converted into embryo tissue. Avian embryos can tolerate periodic cooling, possibly by adjusting their physiology to variable thermal conditions, but at a cost to growth efficiency as well as rate of development. This reduction in embryo growth efficiency adds a new dimension to the fitness consequences of variation in adult nest attentiveness. Disciplines Ornithology | Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology | Zoology CommentsThis article is from Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79 (2006) ABSTRACTFor many bird embryos, periodic cooling occurs when the incubating adult leaves the nest to forage, but the effects of periodic cooling on embryo growth, yolk use, and metabolism are poorly known. To address this question, we conducted incubation experiments on eggs of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that were frequently cooled and then rewarmed or were allowed to develop at a constant temperature. After 12 d of incubation, embryo mass and yolk reserves were less in eggs that experienced periodic cooling than in controls incubated constantly at 37.5ЊC. Embryos that regularly cooled to 20ЊC had higher mass-specific metabolic rates than embryos incubated constantly at 37.5ЊC. Periodic cooling delayed development and increased metabolic costs, reducing the efficiency with which egg nutrients were converted into embryo tissue. Avian embryos can tolerate periodic cooling, possibly by adjusting their physiology to variable thermal conditions, but at a cost to growth efficiency as well as rate of development. This reduction in embryo growth efficiency adds a new dimension to the fitness consequences of variation in adult nest attentiveness.

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Section: Artificial Incubationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Periodic Cooling of Bird Eggs Reduces Embryonic Growth Efficiency

Olson

Vleck

2006

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

170

157

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“…Thus, foraging conditions during incubation are very important. Although energy demands during incubation might be low, 34 the time available for foraging is reduced for each incubating bird. Monaghan et al 4 found a decline in body mass in incubating Arctic Terns in two British colonies which seemed to be related to the shortage of Lesser Sandeels Ammodytes marinus of appropriate size.…”

Section: Adult Body Condition and Food Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass change in breeding Common TernsSterna hirundo

Wendeln¹,

Becker²

1996

Bird Study

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“…An important parameter that can provide myriad insights into dinosaurian in ovo development is incubation period. This ontogenetic measure is relevant to the timing of developmental milestones (e.g., formation of eyes, teeth, brain, and so forth) (3)(4)(5), mortality risks (6)(7)(8)(9), egg and clutch sizes (10)(11)(12), fecundity and lifespan (13), reproductive effort (14), altricial vs. precocial developmental modes (5,15), parental attentiveness (13,16), environmental and genetic influences affecting development (11,12,17), migration (18), environmental restrictions on breeding seasons (13,14), and so forth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinosaur incubation periods directly determined from growth-line counts in embryonic teeth show reptilian-grade development

Erickson

Zelenitsky

Kay

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Birds stand out from other egg-laying amniotes by producing relatively small numbers of large eggs with very short incubation periods (average 11-85 d). This aspect promotes high survivorship by limiting exposure to predation and environmental perturbation, allows for larger more fit young, and facilitates rapid attainment of adult size. Birds are living dinosaurs; their rapid development has been considered to reflect the primitive dinosaurian condition. Here, nonavian dinosaurian incubation periods in both small and large ornithischian taxa are empirically determined through growthline counts in embryonic teeth. Our results show unexpectedly slow incubation (2.8 and 5.8 mo) like those of outgroup reptiles. Developmental and physiological constraints would have rendered tooth formation and incubation inherently slow in other dinosaur lineages and basal birds. The capacity to determine incubation periods in extinct egg-laying amniotes has implications for dinosaurian embryology, life history strategies, and survivorship across the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event.Dinosauria | teeth | embryology | Neornithes | extinction

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Incubation

Cited by 254 publications

References 191 publications

Periodic Cooling of Bird Eggs Reduces Embryonic Growth Efficiency

Periodic Cooling of Bird Eggs Reduces Embryonic Growth Efficiency

Body mass change in breeding Common TernsSterna hirundo

Dinosaur incubation periods directly determined from growth-line counts in embryonic teeth show reptilian-grade development

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