Incretins in obesity and diabetes

Chia, Chee W.; Egan, Josephine M.

doi:10.1111/nyas.14211

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 292 publications

(734 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, incretins can shrink appetite, thus reduce food intake, leading to weight reduction (192). Because of the impact on weight reduction, incretins may find increasing use in diabesity, which is the coexistence of diabetes and obesity (193). In addition, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT) 2 Inhibitors are one of the latest pharmacological interventions to decrease the reabsorption of glucose in kidney and lower FGP and A1C, which enhances urinary glucose elimination and attenuates blood glucose level.…”

Section: Pharmacological Intervention For Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

et al. 2020

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Sarcopenic obesity and diabetes are two increasing health problems worldwide, which both share many common risk factors, such as aging, and general obesity. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity includes aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal changes. Nevertheless, there are two major reasons to cause diabetes: impaired insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. Furthermore, the individual diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia should be combined to adequately define sarcopenic obesity. Also, the diagnosis of diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose test (FPG), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and random plasma glucose coupled with symptoms. Healthy diet and physical activity are beneficial to both sarcopenic obesity and diabetes, but there are only recommended drugs for diabetes. This review consolidates and discusses the latest research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity.

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Section: Pharmacological Intervention For Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, their use can lead to weight loss. Incretin action through specific receptors on beta cells in islet of Langerhans is responsible for about 50% of the secreted insulin after eating [87,88]. Levels of active, full length GLP-1 and GIP are increased when DPP activity is eliminated and, as a consequence, DPP inhibitors are now routine, though not first line, oral agents in managing T2DM by improving insulin secretion.…”

Section: General Principles Of Treatment Of Patients With Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and diabetes: why the connection and what is to be done?

Mazucanti

Egan

2020

Immun Ageing

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has infected over 3.5 million people all over the world since the first case was reported from Wuhan, China 5 months ago. As more epidemiological data regarding COVID-19 patients is acquired, factors that increase the severity of the infection are being identified and reported. One of the most consistent comorbidities associated with worse outcome in COVID-19 patients is diabetes, along with age and cardiovascular disease. Studies on the association of diabetes with other acute respiratory infections, namely SARS, MERS, and Influenza, outline what seems to be an underlying factor in diabetic patients that makes them more susceptible to complications. In this review we summarize what we think may be the factors driving this pattern between diabetes, aging and poor outcomes in respiratory infections. We also review therapeutic considerations and strategies for treatment of COVID-19 in diabetic patients, and how the additional challenge of this co-morbidity requires attention to glucose homeostasis so as to achieve the best outcomes possible for patients.

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“…Changes in gut microbiota are a common characteristic of a wide range of diseases, among them, diabesity. Gut dysbiosis and disruption of their microbial products may be involved in this condition, although more studies are needed to possibly establish causality in this relation [ 227 ]. In any case, it is undeniable that focusing on gut microbiota reports substantial improvements in the clinical management of diabesity, specially through diet.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

et al. 2020

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Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.

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Incretins in obesity and diabetes

Cited by 67 publications

References 292 publications

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and diabetes: why the connection and what is to be done?

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

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