Incremento de áreas impermeables por cambios de usos de la tierra en la microcuenca del río Burío

Campos, Ramón Masís; Picado, Hubert Vargas

doi:10.15517/rr.v93i1.13742

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, despite the lower percentage of impervious area, flooding incidents are becoming more common, mainly in the rainy season (May to October). Surfaces such as cement and asphalt decrease their infiltration capacity and limit plant cover to intercept rain [53] and in terms of flood threats for the years 2010-2025, it was urgent to create a sustained agenda in prevention measures and mitigation; otherwise further complications were foreseen due to disaster risks in Central America and Costa Rica [54]. The impermeable flow becomes detrimental from the point of view of flooding, since districts such as San Pedro, San José, and Guadalupe are areas mostly affected by floods caused by the Torres River with a frequency period of 2 years [55].…”

Section: Water Effects Of Nbs Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would derive from the disorderly growth of the urban sprawl and poor planning [66]. The consequences of the replacement of vegetation by impervious surfaces have negative effects on the outflows of the hydrological cycle due to the reduction of infiltration [53] and evapotranspiration [67]. This indicates that the potentially available areas to install green infrastructures are those strategically located to specifically treat the water coming from impervious surfaces to stop the growth of the connected drainage network system, since this causes the increase of more impervious areas, with the ideal being to choose nature-based drainage for stormwater management.…”

Section: Water Effects Of Nbs Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Potential Effects of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) on Water Ecosystem Service in the Interurban Micro-Watershed Río Torres, Costa Rica

Espinal-Giron,

Benegas Negri,

Brenes

et al. 2023

Forests

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The implementation of green infrastructure (GI) as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) generates positive effects on the water ecosystem service in an urban context. Practices such as bioretention cells, green roofs, rain gardens, permeable pavements, and infiltration trenches contribute to treating large volumes of runoff and providing safe spaces for populations living in highly urbanized areas. With the aim to simulate these effects, a hydrological modeling was carried out using the i-Tree Hydro Plus model, which quantified the runoff generated from precipitation events and effective transformations (NBS) to cope with runoff. Eight scenarios were developed: a baseline scenario, five future scenarios with green infrastructure, a scenario with increased tree coverage, and a scenario with increased urbanization. Our hypothesis is that NBS would reduce runoff and increase permeable flow. The analysis of the feasibility of implementing the modeled green infrastructures was carried out through consultation with local stakeholders in the micro-watershed. We found that bioretention cells decrease runoff by 5%, green roofs by 4%, rain gardens by 4%, permeable pavements by 4.5%, and infiltration trenches by 7.5% compared to the baseline scenario where runoff accounts for 32% of water balance flows. The scenario of increased tree coverage had a similar behavior to the baseline scenario, indicating that efforts in this alternative would generate a limited impact on the reduction of runoff. With increased urbanization, impermeable flow increases up to 78%, which would generate floods. Implementing NBS would be feasible since this type of initiative is included in the agenda of many regulatory instruments of urban planning in Costa Rica.

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Section: Water Effects Of Nbs Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Effects Of Nbs Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Potential Effects of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) on Water Ecosystem Service in the Interurban Micro-Watershed Río Torres, Costa Rica

Espinal-Giron,

Benegas Negri,

Brenes

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…From a hydrological perspective, reported flooding issues occurring periodically were attributed to a specific type of distributed rainfall events in the upstream areas [33]. Regarding urbanization, this process occurred from 1960, but with a significant increase in the last few decades with more than 51% of the total area found impermeabilized in 2010 [38]. About 97% of the total buildings correspond to urban residences, thereby 87% correspond to single-family houses [35].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimenting Transition to Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems—Identifying Constraints and Unintended Processes in a Tropical Highly Urbanized Watershed

Chapa

Pérez

Hack

2020

Water

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Green Infrastructure promotes the use of natural functions and processes as potential solutions to reduce negative effects derived from anthropocentric interventions such as urbanization. In cities of Latin America, for example, the need for more nature-based infrastructure is evident due to its degree of urbanization and degradation of ecosystems, as well as the alteration of the local water cycle. In this study, an experimental approach for the implementation of a prototype is presented. The prototype consists of a gray-hybrid element for first flush bio-treatment and runoff detention, adapted to the existing stormwater sewer. The experiment took place in a highly urbanized watershed located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. The characteristics of the existing infrastructure in the study area at different scales were mapped and compared using the Urban Water System Transition Framework. Subsequently, preferences related to spatial locations and technologies were identified from different local decision-makers. Those insights were adopted to identify a potential area for the implementation of the prototype. The experiment consisted of the adaptation of the local sewer to act as a temporal reservoir to reduce the effects derived from rapid generation of stormwater runoff. Unexpected events, not considered initially in the design, are reported in this study as a means to identify the necessary adaptations of the methodology. Our study shows from an experimental learning-experience that the relation between different actors advocating for such technologies influences the implementation and operation of non-conventional technologies. Furthermore, the willingness of residents to modify their urban environments was found to be associated to their own perceptions about security and vandalism occurring in green spaces. The implementation of the prototype showed that both the hydraulic performance is relevant for considering it as a success, as well as the dynamics of the adapted element with the existing urban conditions. In consequence, those aspects should be carefully considered as the design factors of engineering elements when they are related to complex socio-ecological urban systems.

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“…This degree of urbanization is typical for the region as well as the concentration of populations in large metropolitan areas. Although still advancing, most of the urbanization in Costa Rica has taken place during the 1980s and early 2000s (Masís-Campos and Vargas Picado, 2014), often in an uncoordinated and partly informal manner. This has led to urban development with priorities on housing and transportation at the cost of green spaces and natural areas (Pérez Rubi and Hack, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiple Scale, Function, and Type Approach to Determine and Improve Green Infrastructure of Urban Watersheds

Arthur

Hack

2021

SSRN Journal

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Green Infrastructure (GI) connects different types of green features via various scales, thereby supporting urban biodiversity and service provision. This study presents a methodology capable of identifying multiple functions to assess GI in less-developed countries, where such methodologies are lacking. GI was assessed based on a highresolution land use classification using both landscape metrics and spatial data within an urbanized region of San José, Costa Rica, at different scales (watershed, neighbourhood, object). Results showed highly fragmented green spaces (often <10 ha), typically unable to support high levels of biodiversity, along with a low amount of green space per inhabitant (<7.4 m 2 ) within the watershed. Substantially higher tree cover (x6) and tree density (x5) were found in the greenest neighbourhood in comparison to the least green neighbourhood. Potential areas for new GI in the form of green roofs (4.03 ha), permeable pavement ( 27.3), and potential retention areas (85.3) were determined. Several green spaces (n = 11) were identified as promising GI sites with the potential to increase provision (18.6 m 2 /inhabitant). The adopted methodology demonstrates the potential of GI for increasing recreational green space access, runoff reduction, and flood retentions while supporting biodiversity, validating its utility in guiding decision-making and policy generation.

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Incremento de áreas impermeables por cambios de usos de la tierra en la microcuenca del río Burío

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing Potential Effects of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) on Water Ecosystem Service in the Interurban Micro-Watershed Río Torres, Costa Rica

Assessing Potential Effects of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) on Water Ecosystem Service in the Interurban Micro-Watershed Río Torres, Costa Rica

Experimenting Transition to Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems—Identifying Constraints and Unintended Processes in a Tropical Highly Urbanized Watershed

A Multiple Scale, Function, and Type Approach to Determine and Improve Green Infrastructure of Urban Watersheds

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