Incremental learning of perceptual and conceptual representations and the puzzle of neural repetition suppression

Gotts, Stephen J.

doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0855-y

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Regarding memory, the N3 complex shows short-and long-term repetition priming effects on categorization, being smaller for repeated than new objects on tests of implicit memory (Doniger et al, 2001;Ganis & Schendan, 2008;Gruber, Malinowski, & Muller, 2004;Henson et al, 2004;Schendan & Kutas, 2003, 2007aSchendan & Maher, 2009). The MUSI account is consistent with synchrony models of repetition suppression and priming (Gotts, 2016). N3 and N400 repetition effects resemble those found in fMRI studies of priming, as well as those in animal models (Brozinsky, Yonelinas, Kroll, & Ranganath, 2005;L.…”

Section: Implicit Memorysupporting

confidence: 68%

Memory influences visual cognition across multiple functional states of interactive cortical dynamics

Schendan

2019

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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Memory supports a wide range of abilities from categorical perception to goal-directed behavior, such as decision-making and episodic recognition. Memory activates fast and surprisingly accurately and even when information is ambiguous or impoverished (i.e., showing object constancy). This paper proposes the multiple-state interactive (MUSI) account of object cognition that attempts to explain how sensory stimulation activates memory across multiple functional states of neural dynamics, including automatic and strategic mental simulation mechanisms that can ground cognition in modal information processing. A key novel hypothesis of this account is 'multiple-function regional activity': The same neuronal population can contribute to multiple brain states, depending upon the dominant set of inputs at that time. In state 1, the initial fast bottom-up pass through posterior neocortex happens between 95 ms and ~250 ms, with knowledge supporting categorical perception by 120 ms. In state 2, starting around 150 to 230 ms, a sustained state of iterative activation of object-sensitive cortex involves bottom-up, recurrent, and feedback interactions with frontoparietal cortex. This supports higher cognitive functions (e.g., those associated with decision-making) even under ambiguous or impoverished conditions, phenomenological consciousness, and automatic mental simulation. In the latest state so far identified, state M, starting around 300 to 500 ms, large-scale cortical network interactions, including between multiple networks (e.g., control, salience, and especially default mode), further modulate posterior cortex. This supports elaborated cognition based on earlier processing, including episodic memory, strategic mental simulation, decision evaluation, creativity, and access consciousness. Convergent evidence is reviewed from cognitive neuroscience of object cognition, decision-making, memory, and mental imagery that support this account and define the brain regions and time course of these neural dynamics.

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Section: Implicit Memorysupporting

confidence: 68%

Memory influences visual cognition across multiple functional states of interactive cortical dynamics

Schendan

2019

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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“…The mechanism by which reduced neural activity can lead to improved behavioral performance is far from well understood (for discussion, see Gotts, 2015; Gotts, Chow & Martin, 2012; Henson, Eckstein, Waszak, Frings & Horner, 2014). A common view is that the overall reduction in neural activity caused by repetition reflects a “sharpening” of neural representations by differentially eliminating the responses of neurons that are relatively poorly-tuned to the stimulus (Desimone, 1996; Wiggs & Martin, 1998).…”

Section: Simulation 2: Behavioral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the N400 ERP component as transient semantic over-activation within a neural network model of word comprehension

Cheyette

Plaut

2017

Cognition

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The study of the N400 event-related brain potential has provided fundamental insights into the nature of real-time comprehension processes, and its amplitude is modulated by a wide variety of stimulus and context factors. It is generally thought to reflect the difficulty of semantic access, but formulating a precise characterization of this process has proved difficult. Laszlo and colleagues (Laszlo & Plaut, 2012, Brain and Language, 120, 271-281; Laszlo & Armstrong, 2014, Brain and Language, 132, 22-27) used physiologically constrained neural networks to model the N400 as transient over-activation within semantic representations, arising as a consequence of the distribution of excitation and inhibition within and between cortical areas. The current work extends this approach to successfully model effects on both N400 amplitudes and behavior of word frequency, semantic richness, repetition, semantic and associative priming, and orthographic neighborhood size. The account is argued to be preferable to one based on “implicit semantic prediction error” (Rabovsky & McRae, 2014, Cognition, 132, 68-98) for a number of reasons, the most fundamental of which is that the current model actually produces N400-like waveforms in its real-time activation dynamics.

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“…Theories of the neural basis of concepts have to this point focused almost exclusively on issues of representational format and neural and cognitive organization. Further progress now requires us to tackle the issue of processing dynamics among concepts and between concepts and input and output systems (for further discussion, see Gotts, this issue; Hauk, this volume). …”

Section: Some Major Themes From This Volume and Their Broader Implicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Arguments about the nature of concepts: Symbols, embodiment, and beyond

Mahon

Hickok

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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How are the meanings of words, events and objects represented and organized in the brain? This question, perhaps more than any other in the field, probes some of the deepest and most foundational puzzles regarding the structure of the mind and brain. Accordingly it has spawned a field of inquiry that is diverse and multi-disciplinary, has led to the discovery of numerous empirical phenomena and spurred the development of a wide range of theoretical positions. This volume brings together the most recent theoretical developments from the leaders in the field, representing a range of viewpoints on issues of fundamental significance to a theory of meaning representation. Here we introduce the special issue by way of pulling out some key themes that cut across the contributions that form this volume and situating those themes in the broader literature. The core issues around which research on conceptual representation can be organized are: representational format, representational content, the organization of concepts in the brain, and the processing dynamics that govern interactions between the conceptual system and sensorimotor representations. We highlight areas where consensus has formed; for those areas where opinion is divided, we seek to clarify the relation of theory and evidence and to set in relief the bridging assumptions that undergird current discussions.

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Incremental learning of perceptual and conceptual representations and the puzzle of neural repetition suppression

Cited by 24 publications

References 205 publications

Memory influences visual cognition across multiple functional states of interactive cortical dynamics

Memory influences visual cognition across multiple functional states of interactive cortical dynamics

Modeling the N400 ERP component as transient semantic over-activation within a neural network model of word comprehension

Arguments about the nature of concepts: Symbols, embodiment, and beyond

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