Incremental detection of HIV infections by the HIV antigen/antibody combination assays: An Australian experience

Cunningham, Philip; Downie, Jean C.; O’Loughlin, Peter; Evans, Sara; Black, J M

doi:10.1002/jmv.20961

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These data are consistent with several previous evaluations of fourth generation assays showing substantial improvement in detection sensitivity and a reduction in the window period relative to antibody only assays [16, 18–21]. For samples from acutely-infected individuals, limited data is available on the relationship between HIV-1 viral load and p24 antigen sensitivity [21]. The present study, the first analysis of fourth generation assay performance on acute HIV-1 infections identified by non-pooled HIV RNA testing, provides additional perspective on the sensitivity of HIV Combo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, the fourth generation Ag/Ab combination assay provided dramatic improvement in sensitivity of detection. These data are consistent with several previous evaluations of fourth generation assays showing substantial improvement in detection sensitivity and a reduction in the window period relative to antibody only assays [16, 18–21]. For samples from acutely-infected individuals, limited data is available on the relationship between HIV-1 viral load and p24 antigen sensitivity [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The present study, the first analysis of fourth generation assay performance on acute HIV-1 infections identified by non-pooled HIV RNA testing, provides additional perspective on the sensitivity of HIV Combo. Studies have demonstrated the benefit of testing fourth generation HIV assays in both high risk and low risk populations [21, 22]. The recent recommendation in the UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing 2008 [23] to use fourth generation immunoassays for first-line testing of blood in all healthcare settings is noteworthy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Individuals With Acute HIV-1 Infection Using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Eshleman

Khaki

Laeyendecker³

et al. 2009

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background We evaluated use of the ARCHITECT® HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (HIV Combo; Abbott Diagnostics; available for sale outside of the U.S. only) for detection of acute HIV infection. Methods Samples were obtained from a behavioral intervention study (EXPLORE). HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men were enrolled and tested for HIV infection every 6 months. Samples from seroconverters collected at their last seronegative visit (n=217) were tested individually using two HIV RNA assays. Samples with detectable HIV RNA were classified as acute and were tested with HIV Combo. Samples from the enrollment visit (n=83) and the time of HIV seroconversion (n=219) were tested with HIV Combo as controls. Results Twenty-one (9.7%) samples from the last seronegative visit had detectable HIV RNA and were classified as acute. HIV Combo was positive for 13 (61.9%) of the acute samples. Samples not detected by HIV Combo had viral loads of 724 to 15,130 copies/ml. Expected results were obtained for positive and negative controls tested with HIV Combo. Conclusions HIV Combo detected nearly two-thirds of acute HIV infections identified in this high-risk population by non-pooled, HIV RNA assays. HIV Combo may be useful for high-throughput screening to identify individuals with acute HIV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Individuals With Acute HIV-1 Infection Using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Eshleman

Khaki

Laeyendecker³

et al. 2009

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[23][24][25][26] Although ARCHITECT identified fewer AHIs than NAAT in this study, 7,19 the cost and complexity of NAAT and its inability to identify some established infections (e.g., HIV-infected patients on effective antiviral therapy) limit its use as a screening tool. This makes fourth-generation assays an attractive HIV screening method that can detect more HIV infections than screening with third-generation assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the performance of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Chavez

Wesolowski

Patel

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Virology

113

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“…Participants randomised to the standard-care arm continue to access routine clinic-based HIV/STI testing and care at their preferred clinic, including clinics other than the study clinics. In Australia, most laboratories use fourth generation HIV screening immunoassays [ 69 ]. Supplementary HIV antibody, HIV p24 antigen, and Western Blot testing are performed on specimens that are reactive by the screening assay, and deemed positive if consistent with the national case definition [ 70 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale and design of FORTH: a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of HIV self-testing in increasing HIV testing frequency among gay and bisexual men

Jamil¹,

Prestage

Fairley

et al. 2015

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundGay and bisexual men (GBM) are a major risk group for HIV acquisition, yet the majority of higher-risk GBM test for HIV less often than recommended (3–6 monthly). HIV self-testing has the potential to increase testing frequency and improve awareness of personal HIV status. HIV self-tests have been approved in some countries, however there are concerns whether self-testing would increase HIV testing frequency enough to compensate for the reduced sensitivity of self-tests in early infection. We describe here a randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of self-testing in increasing HIV testing frequency among higher-risk GBM, and its acceptability.Methods/designParticipants are higher-risk HIV negative GBM (>5 partners or condomless anal intercourse in previous 3 months; n = 350), including 50 GBM who tested for HIV over two years ago or never tested before (‘infrequent-testers’). Participants are recruited from sexual health clinics and community-based organisations, and randomised 1:1 to either self-testing or standard-care (routine clinic-based testing) arms. The trial employs a wait-list control design: participants in the standard-care arm switch to self-testing arm in the second year, and gain access to self-test kits. Participants in the self-testing arm receive four oral-fluid self-test kits at enrolment, with additional kits provided on request. Demographics, sexual behaviour and HIV testing preferences are collected at baseline, and the frequency and pattern of HIV and sexually transmissible infection (STI) testing is collected via online 3-monthly questionnaires. The acceptability of self-testing is assessed at 12 months via an online questionnaire and in-depth interviews. A 24-h telephone support is provided, with expedited follow-up of those with reactive self-test results. The primary outcome is HIV testing frequency (mean number of HIV tests per person) over 12 months, and the secondary outcomes are: mean number of STI tests (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis) per person; reasons for HIV testing; and acceptability of HIV self-testing.DiscussionThis is the first trial to evaluate the use of self-testing among GBM in Australia, and the first internationally among infrequent testers. The study will provide evidence on whether self-testing increases HIV testing frequency, and its acceptability among GBM. The findings will improve our understanding of self-testing patterns, and whether GBM supplement or replace their existing testing routine.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration number: ACTRN12613001236785, registered on November 12, 2013.

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Incremental detection of HIV infections by the HIV antigen/antibody combination assays: An Australian experience

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Detection of Individuals With Acute HIV-1 Infection Using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Detection of Individuals With Acute HIV-1 Infection Using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Evaluation of the performance of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay

Rationale and design of FORTH: a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of HIV self-testing in increasing HIV testing frequency among gay and bisexual men

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