Increasing US Rates of &lt;emph type="ital" /&gt; Endocarditis With &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/emph&gt;: 1999-2008

Federspiel, Jerome J.; Stearns, Sally C.; Peppercorn, Amanda; Chu, Vivian H.; Fowler, Vance G.

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1027

Cited by 119 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…IE is characterized by the formation of septic vegetations on the endocardium that consist of a meshwork of host factors, such as fibrin and platelets, as well as bacterial aggregates (171). Currently, S. aureus is the leading causative agent of infective endocarditis, a rapidly progressing, destructive infection of the heart valves (172, 173). An increased frequency of nosocomial endocarditis caused by S. aureus has also been documented, possibly linked to increased use of intravascular devices (172).…”

Section: Models Requiring Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse models for infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Kim

Missiakas

Schneewind

2014

Journal of Immunological Methods

141

130

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Staphylococcus aureus - a commensal of the human skin, nares and gastrointestinal tract - is also a leading cause of bacterial skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs), bacteremia, sepsis, peritonitis, pneumonia and endocarditis. Antibiotic-resistant strains, designaed MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), are common and represent a therapeutic challenge. Current research and development efforts seek to address the challenge of MRSA infections through vaccines and immune therapeutics. Mice have been used as experimental models for S. aureus SSTI, bacteremia, sepsis, peritonitis and endocarditis. This work led to the identification of key virulence factors, candidate vaccine antigens or immune-therapeutics that still require human clinical testing to establish efficacy. Past failures of human clinical trials raised skepticism whether the mouse is an appropriate model for S. aureus disease in humans. S. aureus causes chronic-persistent infections that, even with antibiotic or surgical intervention, reoccur in humans and in mice. Determinants of S. aureus evasion from human innate and adaptive immune responses have been identified, however only some of these are relevant in mice. Future research must integrate these insights and refine the experimental mouse models for specific S. aureus diseases to accurately predict the failure or success for candidate vaccines and immune-therapeutics.

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Section: Models Requiring Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse models for infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Kim

Missiakas

Schneewind

2014

Journal of Immunological Methods

141

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have highlighted that in contrast to catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) caused by other bacteria, MRSA dissemination to bacteremia following bacteriuria occurs more frequently (5 vs. 20%, respectively) and manifests rapidly, typically within 2 d of a urine positive culture (4,12,22). Overall, CAUTI is the leading cause of secondary hospital-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) (23), and MRSA BSIs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, frequently resulting in metastatic infections of other organs and tissues, endocarditis, and septic shock (4,8,12,18,24,25). While MRSA invasive diseases are under intense study, the mechanisms MRSA employs to cause CAUTI remain uncharacterized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Catheterization alters bladder ecology to potentiate Staphylococcus aureus infection of the urinary tract

Walker

Flores-Mireles

Pinkner

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

164

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), which frequently progresses to more serious invasive infections. We adapted a mouse model of CAUTI to investigate how catheterization increases an individual's susceptibility to MRSA UTI. This analysis revealed that catheterization was required for MRSA to achieve high-level, persistent infection in the bladder. As shown previously, catheter placement induced an inflammatory response resulting in the release of the host protein fibrinogen (Fg), which coated the bladder and implant. Following infection, we showed that MRSA attached to the urothelium and implant in patterns that colocalized with deposited Fg. Furthermore, MRSA exacerbated the host inflammatory response to stimulate the additional release and accumulation of Fg in the urinary tract, which facilitated MRSA colonization. Consistent with this model, analysis of catheters from patients with S. aureus-positive cultures revealed colocalization of Fg, which was deposited on the catheter, with S. aureus. Clumping Factors A and B (ClfA and ClfB) have been shown to contribute to MRSA-Fg interactions in other models of disease. We found that mutants in clfA had significantly greater Fg-binding defects than mutants in clfB in several in vitro assays. Paradoxically, only the ClfB − strain was significantly attenuated in the CAUTI model. Together, these data suggest that catheterization alters the urinary tract environment to promote MRSA CAUTI pathogenesis by inducing the release of Fg, which the pathogen enhances to persist in the urinary tract despite the host's robust immune response.host-pathogen interactions | MRSA CAUTI | ClfB-fibrinogen interactions

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“…Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is the leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in industrialized countries [1,2]. In fact, S. aureus IE increased at a rate of 1.1% per quarter in the US from 1999–2008 [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, S. aureus IE increased at a rate of 1.1% per quarter in the US from 1999–2008 [1]. This is problematic since S. aureus IE is associated with more complications and higher mortality compared with IE due to other pathogens [3–5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Findings Predict In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Left-Sided Native Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis

Lauridsen

Park

Tong

et al. 2015

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Background Staphylococcus (S.) aureus left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) has higher complication and mortality rates compared with endocarditis from other pathogens. Whether echocardiographic variables can predict prognosis in S. aureus LNVIE is unknown. Methods and Results Consecutive patients with LNVIE, enrolled between January 2000 and September 2006, in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis were identified. Subjects without S. aureus IE were matched to those with S. aureus IE by the propensity of having S. aureus. Survival differences were determined using log-rank significance tests. Independent echocardiographic predictors of mortality were identified using Cox-proportional hazards models that included inverse probability of treatment weighting and surgery as a time-dependent covariate. Of 727 subjects with LNVIE and 1-year follow-up, 202 had S. aureus IE. One-year survival rates were significantly lower for patients with S. aureus IE overall (57% S. aureus IE vs. 80% non-S. aureus IE, p<0.001) and in the propensity-matched cohort (59% S. aureus IE vs. 68% non-S. aureus IE, p<0.05). Intracardiac abscess (HR 2.93; 95%CI 1.52–5.40, p<0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<40% (OR 3.01; 95%CI 1.35–6.04, p=0.004) were the only independent echocardiographic predictors of in-hospital mortality in S. aureus LNVIE. Valve perforation (HR 2.16; 95% CI 1.21–3.68, p=0.006) and intracardiac abscess (HR 2.25; 95%CI 1.26–3.78, p=0.004) were the only independent predictors of one-year mortality. Conclusions S. aureus is an independent predictor of one-year mortality in subjects with LNVIE. In S. aureus LNVIE, intracardiac abscess and LVEF<40% independently predicted in-hospital mortality and intracardiac abscess and perforation independently predicted one-year mortality.

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Increasing US Rates of <emph type="ital" /> Endocarditis With <emph type="ital">Staphylococcus aureus</emph>: 1999-2008

Cited by 119 publications

References 10 publications

Mouse models for infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Mouse models for infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Catheterization alters bladder ecology to potentiate Staphylococcus aureus infection of the urinary tract

Echocardiographic Findings Predict In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Left-Sided Native Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis

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