Increasing Trauma Deaths in the United States

Rhee, Peter; Joseph, Bellal; Pandit, Viraj; Aziz, Hassan; Vercruysse, Gary; Kulvatunyou, Narong; Friese, Randall S.

doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000600

Cited by 421 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…States, and account for >5.8 million deaths worldwide (1)(2)(3). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in 1.7 million people each year in the United States (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Resuscitation with Fresh Frozen Plasma for Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock Improves Neurologic Recovery

Halaweish

Bambakidis

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

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“…States, and account for >5.8 million deaths worldwide (1)(2)(3). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in 1.7 million people each year in the United States (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Resuscitation with Fresh Frozen Plasma for Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock Improves Neurologic Recovery

Halaweish

Bambakidis

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

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“…POLYTRAUMA AND HEMORRHAGE are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients younger than 45 yr in both the United States and world-wide (21,31). Up to one-third of severely injured patients develop a coagulopathy, and these patients have a higher mortality rate than those without coagulopathic symptoms (4,22,23,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity after polytrauma in rat

Darlington

Andrew

2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Wu X, Darlington DN, Cap AP. Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity after polytrauma in rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310: R323-R329, 2016. First published December 2, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00401.2015.-The purpose of this study was to determine whether trauma-induced coagulopathy is due to changes in 1) thrombin activity, 2) plasmin activity, and/or 3) factors that stimulate or inhibit thrombin or plasmin. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 1-2% isoflurane/100% oxygen, and their left femoral artery and vein were cannulated. Polytrauma included right femur fracture, and damage to the small intestines, the left and medial liver lobes, and right leg skeletal muscle. Rats were then bled 40% of blood volume. Plasma samples were taken before trauma, and at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Polytrauma and hemorrhage led to a significant fall in prothrombin levels. However, circulating thrombin activity did not change significantly over time. Antithrombin III and ␣ 2 macroglobulin fell significantly by 2 h, then rose by 4 h. Soluble thrombomodulin was significantly elevated over the 4 h. Circulating plasmin activity, plasminogen, and D-dimers were elevated for the entire 4 h. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was elevated at 30 min, then decreased below baseline levels after 1 h. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was significantly elevated at 2-4 h. Neither tissue factor pathway inhibitor nor thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor changed significantly over time. The levels of prothrombin and plasminogen were 30 -100 times higher than their respective active enzymes. Polytrauma and hemorrhage in rats lead to a fibrinolytic coagulopathy, as demonstrated by an elevation in plasmin activity, D-dimers, and tPA. These results are consistent with the observed clinical benefit of tranexamic acid in trauma patients.

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“…Over the last 10 years there has been a 22% increase in trauma deaths, suggesting that there is an opportunity for simple and more accurate trauma scoring prediction and triage models to have impact on decreasing mortality [1]. Quick and accurate identification of trauma injury severity is crucial in the management of trauma patients, as time plays such an important role in the outcome [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma is one of the leading causes of death for individuals under the age of 45 and is a significant contributor to disability and health care resource consumption [1,2]. The mortality rate of trauma patients depends on the severity of the injuries, how rapidly trauma severity is assessed, and how quickly patients are triaged to an appropriate care center.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

11 The Modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score: A Novel Trauma Triaging Tool for Predicting In-hospital Mortality

Miller

Nazir

McDonald

et al. 2016

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: Trauma systems currently rely on imperfect and subjective tools to prioritize responses and resources, thus there is a critical need to develop a more accurate trauma severity score. Our objective was to modify the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS is a simple, non-invasive, and objective version of the APACHE II score) for the trauma population and test its accuracy as a predictor of in-hospital mortality when compared to other currently used scores, including the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the "Mechanism,

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Increasing Trauma Deaths in the United States

Cited by 421 publications

References 12 publications

Early Resuscitation with Fresh Frozen Plasma for Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock Improves Neurologic Recovery

Early Resuscitation with Fresh Frozen Plasma for Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock Improves Neurologic Recovery

Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity after polytrauma in rat

11 The Modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score: A Novel Trauma Triaging Tool for Predicting In-hospital Mortality

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