Increasing the value of an alternative monetary reinforcer reduces cigarette choice in adolescents

Cassidy, Rachel N.; Tidey, Jennifer W.; Kahler, Christopher W.; Wray, Tyler B.; Colby, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.122

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The effects of reinforcer value on abstinence found in this study are consistent with the decrease in drug taking observed as a function of alternative reinforcer magnitude observed in human laboratory studies (Cassidy et al, 2015; Higgins et al, 1994). The consistent effects of value across escalating and resetting and fixed‐incentive schedules suggests that reinforcer magnitude is an essential component to a contingency management program, regardless of the schedule arrangement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management

Regnier

Strickland²,

Stoops

2022

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Contingency management (CM) interventions are the most effective psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders. However, further investigation is needed to create the most robust intervention possible. This study investigated the effects of 1) reinforcer magnitude; and 2) fixed and escalating and resetting incentives on cocaine abstinence in an outpatient trial. In this analysis, 34 treatment-seeking individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder received either high or low value incentives for providing a benzoylecgonine-negative urine sample or were in a control condition and received incentives for providing a urine sample regardless of the results. Participants received either escalating and resetting incentives, wherein the value of each incentive increased with consecutive negative samples and reset to the initial level upon a positive sample (Experiment 1), or fixed incentives, wherein they received the same value incentive for each negative urine sample they provided (Experiment 2). Large incentives produced more abstinence, although escalating and resetting reinforcer values did not have a differential effect. Large, fixed incentives promoted abstinence faster than other reinforcers, whereas smaller incentives resulted in poor abstinence and took many visits to achieve initial abstinence. Future research comparing different schedules on cocaine abstinence in a randomized control trial with a larger sample size is required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In laboratory settings, drug choice typically decreases as a function of the reinforcer size. This has been demonstrated with cigarette smoking (see Bisaga et al, 2007; Cassidy et al, 2015) and cocaine self‐administration (see Higgins et al, 1994). Reinforcer magnitude in CM has also been studied extensively in clinical research.…”

Section: Reinforcer Magnitudementioning

confidence: 87%

A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management

Regnier

Strickland²,

Stoops

2022

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Different designs use points for rewards [111,112], pictures of rewards [7,[113][114][115][116][117] or consumption of rewards [14,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. Preferential drug choice is reliably associated with the severity of dependence to heroin [125], cocaine [116,117,126,127], alcohol [10,15,26,112,113,115], and tobacco [15,111,114,124,128]. These associations have been found in both clinical [15,113,114,116,117,[125][126][127] and non-clinical samples [10, 26, 111-113, 115, 128].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

Hogarth

2020

Neuropsychopharmacol.

205

158

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Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, a habit driven by strong stimulus−response associations, or a compulsion driven by insensitivity to costs imposed on drug seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory is supported by dependence severity being associated with greater drug choice/economic demand. Drug choice is demonstrably goal-directed (driven by the expected value of the drug) and can be augmented by stress/negative mood induction and withdrawal-effects amplified in those with psychiatric symptoms and drug use coping motives. Furthermore, psychiatric symptoms confer risk of dependence, and coping motives mediate this risk. Habit theory of addiction has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen in drug-exposed animals often does not occur in complex decision scenarios, or where responding is rewarded, so habit is unlikely to explain most human addictive behaviour where these conditions apply. Furthermore, most human studies have not found greater propensity to habitual behaviour in drug users or as a function of dependence severity, and the minority that have can be explained by task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion theory of addiction also has weak support. The persistence of punished drug seeking in animals is better explained by greater drug value (evinced by the association with economic demand) than by insensitivity to costs. Furthermore, human studies have provided weak evidence that propensity to discount cost imposed on drug seeking is associated with dependence severity. These data suggest that human addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect, and less by habit or compulsion. Addiction is pathological because negative states powerfully increase expected drug value acutely outweighing abstinence goals.

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Increasing the value of an alternative monetary reinforcer reduces cigarette choice in adolescents

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management

A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management

Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

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