Increasing the revenue from lignocellulosic biomass: Maximizing feedstock utilization

Alonso, David Martín; Hakim, Sikander H.; Zhou, Shengfei; Won, Wangyun; Hosseinaei, Omid; Tao, Jingming; García‐Negrón, Valerie; Motagamwala, Ali Hussain; Mellmer, Max A.; Huang, Kuan‐Tsae; Houtman, Carl J.; Labbé, Nicole; Harper, David P.; Maravelias, Christos T.; Runge, Troy; Dumesic, James A.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603301

Cited by 382 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To confirm the possibility of crosslinking reactions within ar enewable lignin supplied by Glucan Biorenewables (GLB-lignin)extracted from hardwood (birch) biomass using GVL solvent, [3] 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted to determine the availability of thermally sensitive linkages (see Figures S1-3 and Ta ble S1 in the Supporting Information). Syringyl propaneu nits (substructures Sa nd S')w ere observed at relatively high concentrations, whereas the guaiacyl propane unit (substructureG )a nd p-hydroxyphenyl propane units (substructure H) wereo bserved at lower concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Nguyen

Meek

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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Synthesis of multiphase materials from lignin, a biorefinery coproduct, offers limited success owing to the inherent difficulty in controlling dispersion of these renewable hyperbranched macromolecules in the product or its intermediates. Effective use of the chemically reactive functionalities in lignin, however, enables tuning morphologies of the materials. Here, we bind lignin oligomers with a rubbery macromolecule followed by thermal crosslinking to form a carbon precursor with phase contrasted morphology at submicron scale. The solvent-free mixing is conducted in a high-shear melt mixer. With this, the carbon precursor is further modified with potassium hydroxide for a single-step carbonization to yield activated carbon with tunable pore structure. A typical precursor with 90 % lignin yields porous carbon with 2120 m g surface area and supercapacitor with 215 F g capacitance. The results show a simple route towards manufacturing carbon-based energy-storage materials, eliminating the need for conventional template synthesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Nguyen

Meek

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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“…The DES price was based on 1200 $ ton −1 of ChCl and 838 $ ton −1 of EG as reported in the literature . The prices of furfural and lignin as co‐products were assumed to be 1000 and 500 $ ton −1 , respectively . Equation (8) shows the detailed calculation of VOC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic analysis of co‐production of 2,3‐butanediol, furfural, and technical lignin via biomass processing based on deep eutectic solvent pretreatment

Zang

Shah

Chen

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study analyzed the techno‐economic feasibility of a biomass conversion process enabled by high‐solid loading deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment for the co‐production of 2,3‐butanediol (BDO), furfural, and technical lignin. Aspen plus was used for process simulation; economic analysis models were developed to evaluate commercial potential; sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of key parameters on the production cost of 2,3‐BDO; and Monte‐Carlo simulation was used for uncertainty analysis. Two cases of high‐solid loading pretreatment (20% versus 27%) for DES pretreatment were compared. The process simulation results indicate that 78–79% of cellulose, 63–70% of xylan, and 40–44% of lignin in raw switchgrass are converted into 2,3‐BDO, furfural, and technical lignin, respectively. The minimum 2,3‐BDO selling price (MBSP) of these two cases is estimated to be 1703–1736 $ ton−1, which is about half of the current 2,3‐BDO market price. Sensitivity analyses show that the prices and recycle ratios of acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) have larger impacts on the MBSP, which indicates that further technical improvement should focus on reducing their consumption. The uncertainty analysis indicates that 20 and 27% solid loading systems have similar confident intervals, with 90% confidence interval of MBSP ranging from 1450–1990 $ ton−1. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…[1] Traditionally,t he biorefinery industry mainly focused on the application of cellulose, but to maximize the economic benefits of the traditional pulpingp rocess, many researchers have attempted to modifyl ignin into high value-added materials. [1] Traditionally,t he biorefinery industry mainly focused on the application of cellulose, but to maximize the economic benefits of the traditional pulpingp rocess, many researchers have attempted to modifyl ignin into high value-added materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Fate of Lignin from Eucalyptus and Poplar during Integrated Delignification and Bleaching

Wang

Sun

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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Efficient deconstruction of lignocellulose is vitally important for the biorefinery industry because lignin structures play a crucial role in the high value‐added conversion of lignin. In this study, an integrated process based on hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and Kraft delignification was proposed to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass. It was found that the HTP not only facilitated the production of xylo‐oligosaccharides but also reduced the chemicals dosage of the following delignification. The structural characteristics of lignin obtained from the integrated process were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and gel‐permeation chromatography. Additionally, double enzymatic lignins (DELs) isolated from different feedstocks were used as “model lignin” to delineate the structural transformations of lignin during H2O2, ClO2, and O3 bleaching. Significant changes of the lignin structure were observed during the ClO2 bleaching process, including degradation of aromatic rings, enrichment in p‐hydroxyphenyl units, and increase of carboxylic groups. A comparison of the structural characteristics of the bleached lignins indicated that HTP benefited the subsequent bleaching process. Enhanced knowledge of lignin chemistry during deconstruction and delignification could provide valuable insight into the current lignocellulose biorefinery.

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Increasing the revenue from lignocellulosic biomass: Maximizing feedstock utilization

Abstract: Replacing petroleum by biomass can be economically feasible by generating revenue from the three primary biomass constituents.

Cited by 382 publications

References 37 publications

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Techno‐economic analysis of co‐production of 2,3‐butanediol, furfural, and technical lignin via biomass processing based on deep eutectic solvent pretreatment

Unraveling the Fate of Lignin from Eucalyptus and Poplar during Integrated Delignification and Bleaching

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